Depth of anesthesia control using internal model control techniques

The major difficulty in the design of closed-loop control during anaesthesia is the inherent patient variability due to differences in demographic and drug tolerance. These discrepancies are translated into the pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD). These uncertainties may affect the stability of the closed loop control system. This paper aims at developing predictive controllers using Internal Model Control technique. This study develops patient dose-response models and to provide an adequate drug administration regimen for the anaesthesia to avoid under or over dosing of the patients. The controllers are designed to compensate for patients inherent drug response variability, to achieve the best output disturbance rejection, and to maintain optimal set point response. The results are evaluated compared with traditional PID controller and the performance is confirmed in our simulation

Projective construction of two-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases with U(1), SO(3), or SU(2) symmetries

We propose a general approach to construct symmetry protected topological (SPT) states i.e the short-range entangled states with symmetry) in 2D spin/boson systems on lattice. In our approach, we fractionalize spins/bosons into different fermions, which occupy nontrivial Chern bands. After the Gutzwiller projection of the free fermion state obtained by filling the Chern bands, we can obtain SPT states on lattice. In particular, we constructed a U(1) SPT state of a spin-1 model, a SO(3) SPT state of a boson system with spin-1 bosons and spinless bosons, and a SU(2) SPT state of a spin-1/2 boson system. By applying the "spin gauge field" which directly couples to the spin density and spin current of $S^z$ components, we also calculate the quantum spin Hall conductance in each SPT state. The projective ground states can be further studied numerically in the future by variational Monte Carlo etc.Comment: 7+ pages, accepted by Phys. Rev.

Electronic height indicator for agricultural machines

This paper addresses the design and development of a low cost electronic height indicator for a self-propelled spray rig. The prime objective is to give a spray rig operator an accurate indication of the boom height above the ground by using an electronic display in the tractor cabin to improve the efficiency of chemical application. This indicator is implemented using a microcontroller and a Hall-effect sensor. The field test proves that this indicator has improved the spraying performance by eliminating human error in estimating boom height, especially during night-time and dusty conditions

Design and Synthesis of Quasi Dual-mode, Elliptic Coaxial Filter

This article introduces the design of a novel quasi dual-mode, elliptic coaxial filter. The transfer function is mapped to a generalized Chebyshev prototype with symmetrically located transmission zeros (TZs) where the coupling values are extracted. Furthermore, the miniaturization is achieved by incorporating stepped-impedance coaxial line with inductive element shunted at the center to exhibit a quasi dual-mode property. Theoretical analysis together with experimental prototype is presented. The center frequency of the filter is 2.7 GHz. The simulated and measured insertion loss/return loss are 1.2 dB/ 15 dB and 2.5 dB/11.5 dB respectively. Both theoretical and measured results show a very good agreement

Evaluating functional connectivity in alcoholics based on maximal weight matching

EEG-based applications have faced the challenge of multi-modal integrated analysis problems. In this paper, a greedy maximal weight matching approach is used to measure the functional connectivity in alcoholics datasets with EEG and EOG signals. The major discovery is that the processing of the repeated and unrepeated stimuli in the γ band in control drinkers is significantly more different than that in alcoholic subjects. However, the EOGs are always stable in the case of visual tasks, except for a weakly wave when subjects make an error response to the stimul