Reviews

Successful Instructional Diagrams by Ric Lowe, London, Kogan Page, 1993. ISBN: 0–7494–0711–5

The influence of mental toughness on responses to feedback in snooker: A real-time examination

Two experiments investigated whether mental toughness (MT) is associated with the ability to respond to and/or overcome unwanted information during real-time sport performance. Participants were male snooker players ranging from club to professional level, and MT was measured using the MTQ48 (Clough et al., 2002). In experiment 1, players performed five break off shots and received deceptive feedback (either positive or negative) from the researcher about their performance relative to other players. Then they performed another five break-offs. Results showed a significant decline in performance following feedback, but no interaction with the nature of feedback or MT variables. In experiment 2, feedback was delivered by a coach and yielded a significant effect on performance. Specifically, negative feedback improved performance while positive feedback impaired performance. The Life Control subscale of the MTQ48 was a significant covariate. The results suggest that negative feedback, delivered constructively by a respected figure, may act as a catalyst for performance enhancement in snooker and that this is moderated by MT

3D Computational Ghost Imaging

Computational ghost imaging retrieves the spatial information of a scene using a single pixel detector. By projecting a series of known random patterns and measuring the back reflected intensity for each one, it is possible to reconstruct a 2D image of the scene. In this work we overcome previous limitations of computational ghost imaging and capture the 3D spatial form of an object by using several single pixel detectors in different locations. From each detector we derive a 2D image of the object that appears to be illuminated from a different direction, using only a single digital projector as illumination. Comparing the shading of the images allows the surface gradient and hence the 3D form of the object to be reconstructed. We compare our result to that obtained from a stereo- photogrammetric system utilizing multiple high resolution cameras. Our low cost approach is compatible with consumer applications and can readily be extended to non-visible wavebands.Comment: 13pages, 4figure

Applications of single-pixel imaging

In this body of work, several single-pixel imaging applications are presented, based on structured light manipulation via a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and a single element photodetector (PD). This is commonly known as computational single-pixel imaging, and is achieved by using the measurements made by the PD to weight a series of projected structured light-fields. This indicates the strength of correlation between each light-field, and some object or scene placed in its propagation path. After many iterations the ensemble average of the weighted structured light-field converges to the object. Historically, computational single-pixel imaging has suffered from long image acquisition times and low resolution. Inhibiting the ability of physical systems from competing with conventional imaging in any form. Advances in computer and DMD technology have opened new avenues of research for this novel imaging technique. These advances have been utilised in this work by creating fast acquisition demonstrator systems, which have real world applications, such as multi-wavelength, polarisation, and long-range imaging. Several PDs were added to allow for simultaneous measurement of multiple images in the desired application. For multi-wavelength, RGB and white light illumination was spectrally filtered on three detectors to create full-colour images. While conversely the same multi-detector approach allowed for simultaneous measurement of orthogonal linear polarisation states essential to Stokes' parameter image reconstruction. Differential projection of the structured light-fields further allowed for the single-pixel camera to compensate from some sources of real world noise, such as background illumination. This work demonstrates an evolution of the single-pixel camera. From a system capable of only imaging simple, binary transmissive objects twice per hour and constrained to an optical bench, to a semi portable camera, capable of multiple frames per second 2D reconstructions of 3D scenes over a range of 20 kilometres. These improvements in capability cement the idea that the single-pixel camera is now a viable alternate imaging technology

Don’t Leave the Faculty at the Station: Introducing Faculty to Collection Development Grants

In 2012, a collection analysis report was published outlining the results of a year‐long study of the College of William and Mary Library collections comparing it to those of other peer institutions using OCLC’s collection analysis software. As a means to address some of the deficiencies brought out in the report as well as provide outreach and curricular support, the library began to offer collection development grants to college faculty. This has been a fruitful experience to build collaborative efforts with faculty; to fill gaps in the library collections; enhance curricular and faculty research support; and to provide outreach to the faculty community through library liaisons

Thinking aloud: an exploration of cognitions in professional snooker

Objectives: Presently, there is no exploration into the cognitive processes of super-elite and elite professional snooker players during real-time performance. Therefore, this study explored the cognitions of seven professional snooker players during real-time solo practice performance. Design: A Think Aloud (TA) protocol analysis. Method: This involved players verbalizing and explaining their thoughts within naturalistic practice environments. Player’s verbalizations were recorded during each solo practice performance, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed via protocol analysis. Results: Analyses revealed an array of continuous reactive-adaptive cognitions relat-ing to stressors and coping strategies during performance, as well as general snooker-specific related thoughts. Specifically, the results highlighted key stressor themes which were coded as: Table Conditions, Distractions, and Mistakes. Our main finding was: Shot Preparation being essential to problem-focused coping, with Rationalizing integral to emotion-focused coping. Further results highlighted the visualperceptual and cognitive expertise of players, with regards to identification of problem balls and cueball spatial awareness, insofar as unearthing the delib-erate structure to practice routines. Conclusions: The study’s original and novel findings lend further support to the transactional process of coping. Whilst accordingly, the utilization of TA significantly contributed to our limited understanding of super-elite and elite real-time cogni-tions in professional snooker and self-paced sports generally. Future research should continue to dissect the sport-specific nuances that underpin real-time performance, not only during prac-tices, but within competitive play. TA is an appropriate methodology to use in the domain-specific sport of snooker

Simultaneous real-time visible and infrared video with single-pixel detectors

Conventional cameras rely upon a pixelated sensor to provide spatial resolution. An alternative approach replaces the sensor with a pixelated transmission mask encoded with a series of binary patterns. Combining knowledge of the series of patterns and the associated filtered intensities, measured by single-pixel detectors, allows an image to be deduced through data inversion. In this work we extend the concept of a ‘single-pixel camera’ to provide continuous real-time video at 10 Hz , simultaneously in the visible and short-wave infrared, using an efficient computer algorithm. We demonstrate our camera for imaging through smoke, through a tinted screen, whilst performing compressive sampling and recovering high-resolution detail by arbitrarily controlling the pixel-binning of the masks. We anticipate real-time single-pixel video cameras to have considerable importance where pixelated sensors are limited, allowing for low-cost, non-visible imaging systems in applications such as night-vision, gas sensing and medical diagnostics

Machine learning and advanced data analytics automating the exploitation of Raman spectroscopy: From micro-scale to large-scale operation

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Normalized ghost imaging

We present an experimental comparison between different iterative ghost imaging algorithms. Our experimental setup utilizes a spatial light modulator for generating known random light fields to illuminate a partially-transmissive object. We adapt the weighting factor used in the traditional ghost imaging algorithm to account for changes in the efficiency of the generated light field. We show that our normalized weighting algorithm can match the performance of differential ghost imaging