Das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen im europäischen Vergleich: Welche Faktoren beeinflussen Arbeitszeiten und Arbeitszeitwünsche?

Mit Hilfe des Statistikprogrammpaketes LISREL wurde auf der Basis des Eurobarometers 1990 untersucht, welche Einflußfaktoren in den Ländern der EU Frauen dazu veranlassen, entweder Vollzeit oder Teilzeit zu arbeiten bzw. zu präferieren. Bei den untersuchten Einflußgrößen handelt es sich um die Familienbindung (Anzahl und Alter der Kinder, (Ehe-)Partner), den sozioökonomischen Status (Einkommen, Bildung und Schicht), die Familienorientierung (Wertorientierung) und die Wirtschaftsbranche, in der Frauen beschäftigt sind. Ergebnisse dieses Ländervergleichs sind große Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern in bezug auf die Bedeutung der Einflußgrößen für das Erwerbsverhalten der Frauen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen auch, daß sich in den westlichen EU-Staaten (mit Ausnahme Frankreichs) deutlicher als in den südlichen EUStaaten ein bestimmter „Teilzeittyp unter den beschäftigten Frauen etabliert hat. D.h. vor allem in den westlichen EU-Staaten können teilzeitbeschäftigte Frauen durch eine hohe Familienorientierung oder Familienbindung charakterisiert werden. Sie weisen einen vergleichsweise niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status auf, arbeiten tendenziell im Dienstleistungssektor und präferieren Teilzeitarbeit. Eine Charakterisierung von teilzeitvs. vollzeitbeschäftigte Frauen nach den genannten Kriterien ist in den südeuropäischen Ländern schwerer zu treffen.On the basis of the Eurobarometer 1990 we used the statistical programme package LISREL and investigated, which indicators lead women in the different member-states of the European Union to work or to prefer either full-time or part-time work. The investigated indicators refer to the family background (number and age of children, husband), the socio-economic Status (income, education, social stratum), the family orientation (values), and the trade. Results of our analyses are big differences between states concerning the influence of the indicators on the employment behaviour of women. The results show further that in the western states of the European Union (with the exception of France) a certain part-time type has been established more clearly than in the southern states. In the western states women who are working part-time typically prefer part-time and work in the Service sector, they have Strong family commitments or family-oriented values and a relatively low socio-economic Status. It is much more difficult to characterize women working part-time with these indicators in the southern states of the European Union

Das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen im europäischen Vergleich: Welche Faktoren beeinflussen Arbeitszeiten und Arbeitszeitwünsche?

Mit Hilfe des Statistikprogrammpaketes LISREL wurde auf der Basis des Eurobarometers 1990 untersucht, welche Einflußfaktoren in den Ländern der EU Frauen dazu veranlassen, entweder Vollzeit oder Teilzeit zu arbeiten bzw. zu präferieren. Bei den untersuchten Einflußgrößen handelt es sich um die Familienbindung (Anzahl und Alter der Kinder, (Ehe-)Partner), den sozioökonomischen Status (Einkommen, Bildung und Schicht), die Familienorientierung (Wertorientierung) und die Wirtschaftsbranche, in der Frauen beschäftigt sind. Ergebnisse dieses Ländervergleichs sind große Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern in bezug auf die Bedeutung der Einflußgrößen für das Erwerbsverhalten der Frauen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen auch, daß sich in den westlichen EU-Staaten (mit Ausnahme Frankreichs) deutlicher als in den südlichen EUStaaten ein bestimmter „Teilzeittyp unter den beschäftigten Frauen etabliert hat. D.h. vor allem in den westlichen EU-Staaten können teilzeitbeschäftigte Frauen durch eine hohe Familienorientierung oder Familienbindung charakterisiert werden. Sie weisen einen vergleichsweise niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status auf, arbeiten tendenziell im Dienstleistungssektor und präferieren Teilzeitarbeit. Eine Charakterisierung von teilzeitvs. vollzeitbeschäftigte Frauen nach den genannten Kriterien ist in den südeuropäischen Ländern schwerer zu treffen. -- On the basis of the Eurobarometer 1990 we used the statistical programme package LISREL and investigated, which indicators lead women in the different member-states of the European Union to work or to prefer either full-time or part-time work. The investigated indicators refer to the family background (number and age of children, husband), the socio-economic Status (income, education, social stratum), the family orientation (values), and the trade. Results of our analyses are big differences between states concerning the influence of the indicators on the employment behaviour of women. The results show further that in the western states of the European Union (with the exception of France) a certain part-time type has been established more clearly than in the southern states. In the western states women who are working part-time typically prefer part-time and work in the Service sector, they have Strong family commitments or family-oriented values and a relatively low socio-economic Status. It is much more difficult to characterize women working part-time with these indicators in the southern states of the European Union.

Isolation of the Phytochrome Chromophore. The Cleavage Reaction with Hydrogen Bromide

The cleavage of the bilin chromophore from C-phycocyanin with hydrogen bromide yields 3E-configurated phycocyanobilin (4) as the major and 3 Z-configurated phycocyanobilin (5) as the minor reaction product. The reaction of synthetic 3E-configurated phytochromobilin (2) with hydrogen bromide and methanol leads only to a methanol adduct at the C-18 side chain (7) whereas the same reaction with the 3Z-configurated phytochromobilin (3) leads to 7 and 2. The bilin chromophore was cleaved also from phytochrome after preparation of phytochromobilin peptides. The detection of 2 and 7 suggested that 3Z-and 3E-configurated phytochromobilin were the primary products of cleavage from phytochrome. A reaction scheme is given which can explain the results of the reaction with hydrogen bromide and methanol

Rapid and Sustained Effect of Dupilumab on Work Productivity in Patients with Difficult-to-treat Atopic Dermatitis:Results from the Dutch BioDay Registry

Dupilumab treatment improves signs, symptoms, and quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. This study evaluated the impact of dupilumab treatment on absenteeism, presenteeism, and related costs in a large multi-centre cohort of adult patients with difficult-to-treat atopic dermatitis in daily practice. Patients treated with dupilumab participating in the Dutch BioDay Registry reporting employment were included. Absenteeism, presenteeism, and related costs at baseline and during follow-up were calculated using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. A total of 218 adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis were included. Total work impairment reduced significantly from baseline (35.5%) to week 52 (11.5%), p &lt; 0.001. Median weekly productivity losses reduced significantly from baseline (€379.8 (140.7-780.8)) to week 52 (€0.0 (0.0-211.0), p &lt; 0.001). In this study, dupilumab treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in work productivity and reduction in associated costs in a large cohort of patients with difficult-to-treat atopic dermatitis in daily practice.</p

Dupilumab shows long-term effectiveness in a large cohort of treatment-refractory atopic dermatitis patients in daily practice:52-Week results from the Dutch BioDay registry

Background Real-life data on long-term effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis patients are limited. Objective To study 52-week effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in a prospective multicenter cohort of adult patients with treatment-refractory atopic dermatitis. Methods Patients treated with dupilumab and participating in the Dutch BioDay registry were included. Clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated. Results Two hundred ten atopic dermatitis patients were included. Mean percentage change in Eczema Area and Severity Index score after 16 weeks was –70.0% (standard deviation 33.2%) and further decreased to –76.6% (standard deviation 30.6%) by week 52. A greater than or equal to 75% improvement in the score was achieved by 59.9% of individuals by week 16 and by 70.3% by week 52. The most reported adverse effect was conjunctivitis (34%). Limited patients (17; 8.1%) discontinued dupilumab treatment. Limitations Because of the lack of a control group and observational design, factors of bias may have been induced. Conclusion Treatment with dupilumab resulted in a rapid improvement in clinical outcome measures, and effectiveness further improved during the 52-week follow-up period

Daily Practice Experience of Baricitinib Treatment for Patients with Difficult-to-Treat Atopic Dermatitis:Results from the BioDay Registry

Clinical trials have shown that baricitinib, an oral selective Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, is effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. However, daily practice data are limited. Therefore, this multicentre prospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of 16-weeks' treatment with baricitinib in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in daily practice. A total of 51 patients from the BioDay registry treated with baricitinib were included and evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. Effectiveness was assessed using clinician- and patient-reported outcome measurements. Adverse events and laboratory assessments were evaluated at every visit. At week 16, the probability (95% confidence interval) of achieving Eczema Area and Severity Index ≤ 7 and numerical rating scale pruritus ≤ 4 was 29.4% (13.1-53.5) and 20.5% (8.8-40.9), respectively. No significant difference in effectiveness was found between dupilumab non-responders and responders. Twenty-two (43.2%) patients discontinued baricitinib treatment due to ineffectiveness, adverse events or both (31.4%, 9.8% and 2.0%, respectively). Most frequently reported adverse events were nausea (n = 6, 11.8%), urinary tract infection (n = 5, 9.8%) and herpes simplex infection (n = 4, 7.8%). In conclusion, baricitinib can be an effective treatment option for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, including patients with non-responsiveness on dupilumab. However, effectiveness of baricitinib is heterogeneous, which is reflected by the high discontinuation rate in this difficult-to-treat cohort

Identification of Risk Factors for Dupilumab-associated OculaSurface Disease in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

This study identified risk factors for the development of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in a large prospective daily practice cohort. Data from the Dutch BioDay Registry were used to assess the risk of developing dupilumab-associated ocular surface di-sease, by performing univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A total of 469 patients were included, of which 152/469 (32.4%) developed dupi-lumab-associated ocular surface disease. Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association of the development of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease with a history of any eye disease (his-tory of self-reported episodic acute allergic conjunctivitis excluded) combined with the use of ophthalmic medication at the start of dupilumab (odds ratio 5.16, 95% confidence interval 2.30–11.56, p < 0.001). In conclusion, a history of any eye disease (history of self-reported episodic acute allergic conjunctivitis ex-cluded) combined with the use of ophthalmic medication at baseline was associated with the development of dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease in patients with atopic dermatitis