Lake, Land, and Sky: A Design Proposal for Northerly Island, Chicago

Shortly before midnight on March 30th 2003, without notice and at the orders of Mayor Richard M. Daley, bulldozers destroyed a small airport known as Meigs Field on Chicago\u27s Northerly Island. Planes were trapped on the ground and other flights diverted. This action, dramatic and of debatable legality, effectively ended the struggle between the Mayor\u27s office who wanted the site for a park, and the state legislature who wanted to keep the airport open (in no small part for their own ease of commuting). With the airport now demolished, Chicago has turned its attention to developing a vision for the future of Northerly Island. The island is, in fact, a ninety-one acre peninsula jutting into Lake Michigan from Chicago\u27s downtown. Envisioned as a public park and constructed in the 1920s, it is the only lakefront structure in Daniel Burnham\u27s famous 1909 Chicago Plan that was actually built (four other proposed islands were never created). The Adler Planetarium, now a National Historic Landmark, was built at the northern end of the island in 1930. It was the first planetarium to be built in the Western hemisphere and is the oldest planetarium in existence today. In 1933 Northerly Island was the location for Chicago\u27s second world fair and in 1947, now connected to the mainland by a causeway (a 1936 WPA project) that replaced the original bridge and having lost a bid to become the home of the United Nations, Northerly Island became the site of Meigs Field airport. Although some public facilities such as the 12th St beach and the planetarium continued to operate, the central idea of Burnham\u27s plan, that of a large public park, was lost

Isolation and Characterization of Microbial Community Associated with Diadumene Lineata, the Orange-Striped Sea Anemone

The orange-striped sea anemone, Diadumene lineata, is a marine invertebrate that can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. Distribution of Diadumene lineata ranges from Japan to the Gulf of Argentina. This invasive anemone originated from the Pacific Coast of Asia and serves as a host for a diverse microbial community including a photosynthetic alga. The epiphytic bacteria adhere to the outer surface as well as to the gastrovascular cavity of the host. The microbial community associated with Diadumene lineata is relatively unknown. This study attempted to isolate and identify bacteria commonly associated with this invasive marine invertebrate. Diadumene lineata was collected from rocks on Rye Beach, New York and was maintained in the laboratory. Isolation of bacteria on modified marine LB revealed consistently associated phylotypes that were identified by amplifying 16s rRNA via colony PCR. A phylogeny was constructed from 16s rRNA sequences. Bacterial isolates included Vibrio harveyi, Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis, Vibrio neocaledonicus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. These findings suggest that Diadumene lineata harbors a diverse microbial community. S. saprophyticus and B. thuringiensis are both in the phylum Firmicutes, displaying a characteristic of gram-positive bacteria. V. harveyi, V. neocaledonicus, and P. shioyasakiensis are in the phylum Proteobacteria and the class Gammaproteobacteria

The Effect of Postsurgical Edema of the Knee Joint on Reflex Inhibition of the Quadriceps Femoris

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 1996,5,172-182 © 1996 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.The purpose of this case study was to investigate reflex inhibition of the quadriceps femoris in a subject with postsurgical edema of the left knee. The subject was a 45-year-old male with a traumatic knee injury with resultant edema who underwent elective arthroscopic surgery. Reflex inhibition was assessed by H-reflex elicitation in the femoral nerve and surface electromyography of the quadriceps. To assess the degree of edema, direct circumferential measurements were taken. On the first presurgical visit, the left knee demonstrated mild edema with a decrease in H-reflex amplitudes. Two days after surgery, a further reduction in amplitudes and more swelling were demonstrated followed by an increase in amplitudes and a reduction in edema on the 28th postoperative day. These findings document a relationship between reflex inhibition and joint swelling that was previously described in experimental models where joint edema was simulated

Accuracy and feasibility of an android-based digital assessment tool for post stroke visual disorders - The StrokeVision App

Background: Visual impairment affects up to 70% of stroke survivors. We designed an app (StrokeVision) to facilitate screening for common post stroke visual issues (acuity, visual fields and visual inattention). We sought to describe the test-time, feasibility, acceptability and accuracy of our app based digital visual assessments against a) current methods used for bedside screening, and b) gold standard measures. Methods: Patients were prospectively recruited from acute stroke settings. Index tests were app based assessments of fields and inattention performed by a trained researcher. We compared against usual clinical screening practice of visual fields to confrontation including inattention assessment (simultaneous stimuli). We also compared app to gold standard assessments of formal kinetic perimetry (Goldman or Octopus Visual Field Assessment); and pencil and paper based tests of inattention (Albert’s, Star Cancellation, and Line Bisection). Results of inattention and field tests were adjudicated by a specialist Neuro-Ophthalmologist. All assessors were masked to each other’s results. Participants and assessors graded acceptability using a bespoke scale that ranged from 0 (completely unacceptable) to 10 (perfect acceptability). Results: Of 48 stroke survivors recruited, the complete battery of index and reference tests for fields was successfully completed in 45. Similar acceptability scores were observed for app-based (assessor median score 10 [IQR:9-10]; patient 9 [IQR:8-10]) and traditional bedside testing (assessor 10 [IQR:9-10; patient 10 [IQR:9-10]). Median test time was longer for app-based testing (combined time-to-completion of all digital tests 420 seconds [IQR:390-588]) when compared with conventional bedside testing (70 seconds, [IQR:40-70]) but shorter than gold standard testing (1260 seconds, [IQR:1005-1620]). Compared with gold standard assessments, usual screening practice demonstrated 79% sensitivity and 82% specificity for detection of a stroke-related field defect. This compares with 79% sensitivity and 88% specificity for StrokeVision digital assessment. Conclusion: StrokeVision shows promise as a screening tool for visual complications in the acute phase of stroke. The app is at least as good as usual screening and offers other functionality that may make it attractive for use in acute stroke

Fragments and Clausal Ellipsis

This dissertation investigates the syntactic and semantic properties of fragments -- utterances which consist of a constituent smaller than a clause. Examples include short answers, such as What did he eat? --- Chips, as well as cases which do not respond to any overt question; for example, saying The train station, please on entering a taxi. I defend Merchant 2004\u27s proposal that, underlyingly, fragments contain clausal structure: the fragment answer chips is elliptical for he ate chips, with he ate being present in the syntax but unspoken. I argue that challenges to ellipsis-based accounts of fragments can be circumvented by adopting a particular semantic restriction on which clauses are allowed to elide. Building on an analysis by Reich 2007, I argue that elided clauses must stand in a particular relation to Roberts 2012/1996\u27s Question under Discussion, which I dub QUD-GIVENness I also discuss the syntactic properties of fragments. Merchant 2004 argues that fragments are generated by A\u27-movement to the left periphery. However, I show that by other diagnostics, fragments appear not to have moved. I solve this contradiction by arguing that fragments do move, but that this movement takes place only at the level of Phonological Form. At Logical Form, the fragment remains in situ. It is this \u27split\u27 which causes some diagnostics for movement to succeed and others to fail. Finally, the dissertation considers cases of embedded fragments, such as Who ate the cookies? --- I think John. Fragments can only be embedded in this way under bridge verbs. Following many authors, I assume that bridge verbs embed a double-complementizer or \u27recursive CP\u27 structure, while other clausal-embedding verbs embed clauses with only one complementizer. I argue that the \u27higher\u27 complementizer head embedded by bridge verbs is the head which licenses clausal ellipsis. I support this hypothesis by investigating which wh-movement structures allow sluicing. I argue that the wh-movement structures which allow sluicing are just those which can be argued to have a double complementizer/recursive CP structure, providing evidence for the hypothesis that the \u27higher\u27 complementizer in these structures is the licensor of clausal ellipsis

Article drop in headlines and truncation of CP

Article drop in headlines and truncation of C