SpaceNet MVOI: a Multi-View Overhead Imagery Dataset

Detection and segmentation of objects in overheard imagery is a challenging task. The variable density, random orientation, small size, and instance-to-instance heterogeneity of objects in overhead imagery calls for approaches distinct from existing models designed for natural scene datasets. Though new overhead imagery datasets are being developed, they almost universally comprise a single view taken from directly overhead ("at nadir"), failing to address a critical variable: look angle. By contrast, views vary in real-world overhead imagery, particularly in dynamic scenarios such as natural disasters where first looks are often over 40 degrees off-nadir. This represents an important challenge to computer vision methods, as changing view angle adds distortions, alters resolution, and changes lighting. At present, the impact of these perturbations for algorithmic detection and segmentation of objects is untested. To address this problem, we present an open source Multi-View Overhead Imagery dataset, termed SpaceNet MVOI, with 27 unique looks from a broad range of viewing angles (-32.5 degrees to 54.0 degrees). Each of these images cover the same 665 square km geographic extent and are annotated with 126,747 building footprint labels, enabling direct assessment of the impact of viewpoint perturbation on model performance. We benchmark multiple leading segmentation and object detection models on: (1) building detection, (2) generalization to unseen viewing angles and resolutions, and (3) sensitivity of building footprint extraction to changes in resolution. We find that state of the art segmentation and object detection models struggle to identify buildings in off-nadir imagery and generalize poorly to unseen views, presenting an important benchmark to explore the broadly relevant challenge of detecting small, heterogeneous target objects in visually dynamic contexts.Comment: Accepted into IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 201

Surgical excision of post-traumatic myositis ossificans of the adductor longus in a football player

A football player was diagnosed with myositis ossificans of his right adductor longus muscle after an acute injury. Conservative treatment failed and 1 year after the initial trauma the patient underwent surgical excision of a large ossification. Seven months postoperatively, the patient was fully recovered and returned to his preinjury activity levels. We present our approach to this case and discuss our considerations, referring to background information about this rare disease

Moodle: An Effective Tool for Creating a Blended Learning Environment in a Nursing Context

Education at tertiary level is constantly changing and evolving as it incorporates newer methodologies and technologies, and more and more colleges and universities are adopting a blended approach to instruction and learning in response to this. The continuous advances and improvements in technology in addition to the increasing competence and confidence of students in using the new technologies makes the transition to a blended learning environment less challenging than in the past. However, as technology improves, the range of options available to select from increases. As online learning has gone more mainstream, it is important to choose an educational Learning Management System (LMS) tailored to an institution's mission and educational goals. This paper will look at one LMS Moodle, and the benefits of adopting it as the primary vehicle for delivering content online, in support of the traditional classroom-based learning, in a nursing university setting

Clinical examination tests for adductor- and pubic-related groin pain in athletes with longstanding groin pain:Inter-examiner reliability and prevalence of positive tests

Objectives: Evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of pain provocation tests for hip adductors (palpation, stretch and resistance) and for pubic symphysis (palpation) in athletes with longstanding groin pain, and to determine the prevalence of positive tests. Design: Inter-examiner reliability. Setting: Orthopaedic and sports medicine hospital. Participants: Male athletes with longstanding groin pain. Main outcome measures: Inter-examiner reliability, absolute/positive/negative agreement, and the mean prevalence of positive tests for athletes classified with adductor- and pubic-related groin pain were calculated. Results: We included 44 male athletes with longstanding groin pain (61 symptomatic sides). The mean age was 29 years (±6) and 70% were soccer players. Inter-examiner reliability was slight to moderate for adductor palpation (Cohen's Kappa statistic(κ)) = 0.02–0.54) and pubic palpation (κ = 0.37–0.45); moderate for the adductor stretch test (κ = 0.50), and fair to substantial for adductor resistance tests (κ = 0.22–0.74). Palpation pain was most prevalent at the adductor longus origin (94%) in athletes classified with adductor-related groin pain. Conclusion: The inter-examiner reliability of palpation tests varied from slight to moderate. The adductor stretch test had a moderate reliability, and adductor resistance tests a fair to substantial reliability. Adductor longus origin is the main site for palpation pain. Adductor palpation tests not related to the adductor longus have limited inter-examiner reliability. The adductor stretch test did not assist in classifying adductor-related groin pain.</p

Clinical examination tests for adductor- and pubic-related groin pain in athletes with longstanding groin pain:Inter-examiner reliability and prevalence of positive tests

Objectives: Evaluate the inter-examiner reliability of pain provocation tests for hip adductors (palpation, stretch and resistance) and for pubic symphysis (palpation) in athletes with longstanding groin pain, and to determine the prevalence of positive tests. Design: Inter-examiner reliability. Setting: Orthopaedic and sports medicine hospital. Participants: Male athletes with longstanding groin pain. Main outcome measures: Inter-examiner reliability, absolute/positive/negative agreement, and the mean prevalence of positive tests for athletes classified with adductor- and pubic-related groin pain were calculated. Results: We included 44 male athletes with longstanding groin pain (61 symptomatic sides). The mean age was 29 years (±6) and 70% were soccer players. Inter-examiner reliability was slight to moderate for adductor palpation (Cohen's Kappa statistic(κ)) = 0.02–0.54) and pubic palpation (κ = 0.37–0.45); moderate for the adductor stretch test (κ = 0.50), and fair to substantial for adductor resistance tests (κ = 0.22–0.74). Palpation pain was most prevalent at the adductor longus origin (94%) in athletes classified with adductor-related groin pain. Conclusion: The inter-examiner reliability of palpation tests varied from slight to moderate. The adductor stretch test had a moderate reliability, and adductor resistance tests a fair to substantial reliability. Adductor longus origin is the main site for palpation pain. Adductor palpation tests not related to the adductor longus have limited inter-examiner reliability. The adductor stretch test did not assist in classifying adductor-related groin pain.</p

Digital body mapping of pain quality and distribution in athletes with longstanding groin pain

Groin pain is common in athletes, but remains a challenge to diagnose. Self-reported pain quality distribution may facilitate differential diagnoses. We included 167 athletes with groin pain (≥ 4 weeks). All athletes received a standardized clinical examination. Athletes could choose multiple quality descriptors and intensity, and drew these on a digital body map. Overlay images were created to assess distribution and area visually. Intensity, duration, and qualities were compared between each clinical entity and multiple entities. Top three quality descriptors were electric (22%), pain (19%), and dull/aching (15%). There were no differences in the frequencies of quality descriptors (p = 0.893) between clinical entities. Areas of the mapped qualities were similar between the single clinical entities (χ(2)(3) = 0.143, p = 0.986) and independent of symptom duration (ρ = 0.004, p = 0.958). Despite a considerable overlap, the mapped pain qualities’ distributions appear to differ visually between single clinical entities and align with the defined clinical entities of adductor-related, inguinal-related, and pubic-related groin. In iliopsoas-related groin pain, pain extended more medially. The overlap between the drawn areas underscores a challenge in differentiating groin pain classifications based only on self-reported pain. The prevalence of pain quality descriptors varied and individually do not associate with one particular clinical entity of groin pain

Radiographic assessment of the pubic symphysis in elite male adolescent football players:Development and reliability of the Maturing Adolescent Pubic Symphysis (MAPS) classification

Introduction: The pubic symphysis is susceptible to growth related injuries long after the adolescent growth spurt. Our study describes the radiographic maturation of the pubic symphysis on pelvic radiographs in adolescent football players and introduces the Maturing Adolescent Pubic Symphysis classification (MAPS classification). Methods: Anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 105 healthy adolescent male football players between 12 and 24 years old were used to develop the classification system. The radiological scoring of the symphyseal joint was developed over five rounds. The final MAPS classification items were scored in random order by two experienced readers, blinded to the age of the participant and to each other's scoring. The inter- and intra-rater reliability were examined using weighted kappa (κ). Results: We developed a classification system with descriptive definitions and an accompanying pictorial atlas. The symphyseal joint was divided into three regions: the superior corners, and the upper and lower regions of the joint line. Inter-rater reliability was substantial to almost perfect: superior region: κ = 0.70 (95% CI 0.60–––0.79), upper region of the joint line: κ = 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–––0.92), lower region of the joint line: κ = 0.65 (95% CI 0.55–––0.75). The intra-observer reliability showed similar results. Conclusion: The Maturing Adolescent Pubic Symphysis classification (MAPS classification) is a reliable descriptive classification of the radiographic maturation of the pubic symphysis joint in athletic males. The stages can provide a basis for understanding in clinical practice and will allow future research in this field.</p

Which treatment is most effective for patients with Achilles tendinopathy?:A living systematic review with network meta-analysis of 29 randomised controlled trials

Objective: To provide a consistently updated overview of the comparative effectiveness of treatments for Achilles tendinopathy. Design: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources: Multiple databases including grey literature sources were searched up to February 2019. Study eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of any treatment in patients wit

Which factors differentiate athletes with hip/groin pain from those without? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Background: Hip and groin injuries are common in many sports. Understanding the factors differentiating athletes with hip/groin pain from those without these injuries could facilitate management and prevention. Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on factors differentiating athletes with and without hip/groin pain. Methods: The review was registered as PROSPERO CRD42014007416 and a comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in June 2014. Inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional, cohort or case-control study designs of n>10 that examined outcome measures differentiating athletes with and without hip/groin pain. Two authors independently screened search results, assessed study quality, and performed data extraction. Methodological heterogeneity was determined and data pooled for meta-analysis when appropriate. A best evidence synthesis was performed on the remaining outcome measures. Results: Of 2251 titles identified, 17 articles were included of which 10 were high quality. Sixty two different outcome measures were examined, 8 underwent meta-analysis. Pooled data showed strong evidence that athletes with hip/groin pain demonstrated: pain and lower strength on the adductor squeeze test, reduced range of motion in hip internal rotation and bent knee fall out; however, hip external rotation range was equivalent to controls. Strong evidence was found that lower patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, altered trunk muscle function, and moderate evidence of bone oedema and secondary cleft sign were associated with hip/groin pain. Conclusions: PROs, pain and reduced strength on the adductor squeeze test, reduced range of motion in internal rotation and bent knee fall out are the outcome measures that best differentiate athletes with hip/groin pain from those without this pain