Hyperosmotic cold shock mouse melanoma cells encapsulated with doxorubicin for targeted treatment of melanoma

BackgroundThe primary treatment strategies for melanoma include surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, the efficacy of these treatments is often limited by drug resistance, recurrence, and severe side effects. Therefore, we aimed to develop a targeted drug delivery system capable of selectively locating tumor sites to minimize systemic toxicity and enhance therapeutic efficacy. This cell drug delivery system can also deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor microenvironment.MethodsWe treated B16F10 cells with hyperosmotic cold shock (HCS) to obtain and characterize HCS cells. We then investigated the anti-tumor effects and immune activation capabilities of these cells and explored their potential as a targeted drug delivery system.ResultsHCS cells not only maintained an intact cellular structure and tumor antigens but also exhibited high expression of the homologous melanoma-associated antigen glycoprotein 100. These cells demonstrated an exceptional capacity for loading and releasing doxorubicin, which has chemotherapeutic anti-tumor effects. HCS cells can precisely target the tumor microenvironment to minimize systemic toxicity, inducing an immune response by activating CD3+ and CD4+ T cells.ConclusionHCS cells are non-carcinogenic, with both cellular and tumor antigens intact; thus, they are suitable drug delivery carriers. Our findings highlight the potential of HCS cells for carrying doxorubicin because of their high drug-loading efficiency, effective tumor-targeting and anti-tumor effects. Therefore, our results will facilitate the development of melanoma treatments that have higher efficacy than those in the literature

Finding a place: mainland Chinese fiction in the 2000s

The political, economic and social changes experienced by China over the past decade have been mirrored by transformations in the literary realm. Writers, editors, critics and readers have contended with the acceleration of commercialisation, the rise of the Internet, and the Communist Party's subtly changing attitude to creative freedom. This essay examines the creative responses of three critically acclaimed generations of novelists – born between the 1950s and 1980s – to this new climate. It considers the way in which writers have become entrepreneurs, managing their own personality cults over the Internet and through media spin. It discusses widespread corruption in literary reviewing; the weaknesses in editorial standards that affect the work of even the most mature voices writing today; and the fluid way in which novelists often abandon fiction for other professions or expressive forms, such as film. Finally, it considers the limits of literary freedom in China's one-party cultural system