Discussion on Current Pollution Status andLegislation of Environmental Hormone in China

AbstractEnvironmental hormone mainly cause harm to the reproductive function of human being and animal kingdom, which is a serious threat to human and animal survival or reproduction. This paper blacklisted 70 kinds of environmental hormones, studied pollution situation of some environmental hormone (which are remaining in the atmosphere, water, sediment, soil, seafood and human tissue) in Chinese Environment and population, and outlined the environmental hormone pollution hazards. Therefore, China should strengthen basic research in environmental hormone pollution, strengthen the environmental management and the publicity of environmental law to curb environmental hormone pollution. In addition, some legislative measures should be proposed, laws and regulations of environmental hormones should be formulated, and the law enforcement should be strengthen to control environmental hormones

Crop Area Estimation from UAV Transect and MSR Image Data Using Spatial Sampling Method

AbstractUsing remote sensing data to estimate crop area is efficient to a wide range of end-users, including government agencies, farmers and researchers. Moderate spatial resolution (MSR) image data are widely used to estimate crop area. But its accuracy can’t meet the demands of precision. Spatial sampling techniques integrated the strengths of remote sensing and sampling survey are being widely used. This method need large sample size which is cannot be guaranteed by remote sensing due to weather. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can be used as an effective way to guarantee enough sample size. This paper proposed a spatial sampling method using MSR image classification results and UAV transects, a stratified random sampling method was proposed, area-scale (from MSR image classification) was used as auxiliary variable to guide the distribution of UAV transects, which had proved that 2% sampling ratio can make the crop area estimation accuracy more than 95% with a 95% confidence interval

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Garcinia oblongifolia (Clusiaceae)

Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth is rich in bioactive molecules with immense remedial qualities and has pharmaceutical potentials. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) of G. oblongifolia, which is 156,577 bp in length, including a large single copy region (LSC) of 85,393 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 17,064 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 27,060 bp inserted between LSC and SSC. 129 genes are encoded, including 83 protein-encoding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 36 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.2%, wherein the corresponding values in the LSC, SSC and IR regions are 33.6%, 30.3%, and 42.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that G. oblongifolia is sister to G. gummi-gutta with strong bootstrap support

Numerical Simulation of Rockfill Materials Based on Fractal Theory

With the use of the particle flow code in two dimensions, a fractal model is established with the number of particles of different particle fractions used as the statistics to study the fractal characteristics of particle size distribution. Numerically simulated specimens obtained by four scale methods are subjected to the relative density test and the biaxial compression test to explore the influences of fractal dimension D on the macroscopic and mesomechanical properties of specimens, as well as to study the relationship between fractal dimension D and different mechanical performance indexes. Results show that the particle size distribution of each of the four groups after scale exhibits fractal characteristics, with the fractal dimension D ranging from 1.27 to 2.03. The number of fine particles in the specimen increases with the fractal dimension D, the particle aggregates become more compact, the macroscopic mechanical properties of the specimens are improved, and a linear relationship exists between the fractal dimension D and different mechanical performance indexes. A large fractal dimension D corresponds to a great mesoparticle coordination number

Study of Factors Influencing Dry Eye in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Purpose. The present study investigated the relationship between dry eye and the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Patients with RA were divided by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) into the symptomatic group (score ≥ 12) and the asymptomatic group (score  2.6) and the stable group (score ≤ 2.6). In the control group, 20 healthy adults with matched sex and age were selected. RA patients and healthy adults were inspected for the tear film break time (TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian scan (MS), meibomian gland secretion score (MSS), and eyelid margin assessment (EMS). Results. The TBUT of the RA group was significantly less than that of the control group, while the CFS, MS, EMS, and MSS were higher. The TBUT of the symptomatic RA group was significantly less than that of the asymptomatic group, and the CFS was higher. In the active RA group, only the CFS was higher than that of the stable group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups for other parameters. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the course of RA and the dry eye (P>0.05). Conclusion. The rheumatoid activity does not necessarily lead to an aggravation of dry eye. Regardless of the duration, RA was not found to exhibit relation with the severity of dry eye. Translational Relevance. RA patients with disease active period cannot be ignored for the existence of dry eye, since patients with dry eye often lack the signs and symptoms

Control of various Zn-based weld seam/steel interface structures in AA5083/FH36 steel welded joint

Replacing steel with aluminum alloy is appealing to realize the lightweight of ship structure, so it is inevitable to weld these two materials in products. When joining AA5083 aluminum alloy to FH36 steel with the thickness of 6 mm by tungsten inert gas (TIG) arc welding process, the liquid Zn-based filler metal reacted with steel matrix to form Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and Fe-Al IMCs. A novel interface structure composed of spinous Г-Fe3Zn10, thinner η-Fe2Al5Zn0.4 and a small number of dispersed δ-FeZn10 with a relatively high bonding strength can be obtained at the weld seam/steel interface by optimizing the backing welding current. When the backing welding current was 120 A, the maximum tensile strength of joint could reach 98 MPa. Simulation indicated that a large stress concentration developed at the weld seam/steel interface, within crack active temperature range of Fe-Zn and Fe-Al IMCs, during the backing welding process. The lattice misfit of δ-FeZn10/η-Fe2Al5Zn0.4 and Г-Fe3Zn10/η-Fe2Al5Zn0.4 interfaces were 19.9% and 9.4%, which revealed that dislocations were more likely to accumulate around δ-FeZn10, providing the location of crack initiation in aluminum alloy/steel welded joints

Deposition of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in a typical forestry system in Beijing, China

Abstract Background Rapid economic development in China has resulted in an increase in severe air pollution in city groups such as the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Metropolitan Region. PM2.5 (fine particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is one of the most important pollutants. The deposition process is an important way of removing particles from the air. To evaluate the effect of an urban forest on atmospheric particle removal, a concentration gradient method was used to measure the deposition velocities of water-soluble inorganics in PM2.5 in two national forest parks in Beijing, China. The following eight water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 were investigated: sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate. Methods Samples were taken from two sites in Beijing from the 7th to the 15th May, 2013. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed with ion chromatography. We used the concentration gradient technique to estimate the deposition flux and velocity. To determine the relationships between leaf traits and particle accumulation, typical leaf samples from each selected species were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Results The total deposition flux and total deposition velocity during the daytime were higher than those at night. Sulfate showed the biggest deposition flux and velocity at both study sites, whereas the other ions showed different trends at each site. Result from higher proportion of coniferous to broadleaved trees, the total deposition flux of the eight ions measured in Jiufeng National Forest Park was greater than that in Olympic Forest Park. Conclusions The deposition velocity was affected by meteorological conditions such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The deposition velocity was also influenced by tree species. The surface of plants is an important factor influencing particle deposition. The results of this study may help in assessing the effects of forestry systems on particle removal and provide evidence for urban air pollution control and afforestation of urban areas