258 research outputs found
Ridge detection for nonstationary multicomponent signals with time-varying wave-shape functions and its applications
We introduce a novel ridge detection algorithm for time-frequency (TF)
analysis, particularly tailored for intricate nonstationary time series
encompassing multiple non-sinusoidal oscillatory components. The algorithm is
rooted in the distinctive geometric patterns that emerge in the TF domain due
to such non-sinusoidal oscillations. We term this method \textit{shape-adaptive
mode decomposition-based multiple harmonic ridge detection}
(\textsf{SAMD-MHRD}). A swift implementation is available when supplementary
information is at hand. We demonstrate the practical utility of
\textsf{SAMD-MHRD} through its application to a real-world challenge. We employ
it to devise a cutting-edge walking activity detection algorithm, leveraging
accelerometer signals from an inertial measurement unit across diverse body
locations of a moving subject
-SUP: A clustering algorithm for cryo-electron microscopy images of asymmetric particles
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently emerged as a powerful tool
for obtaining three-dimensional (3D) structures of biological macromolecules in
native states. A minimum cryo-EM image data set for deriving a meaningful
reconstruction is comprised of thousands of randomly orientated projections of
identical particles photographed with a small number of electrons. The
computation of 3D structure from 2D projections requires clustering, which aims
to enhance the signal to noise ratio in each view by grouping similarly
oriented images. Nevertheless, the prevailing clustering techniques are often
compromised by three characteristics of cryo-EM data: high noise content, high
dimensionality and large number of clusters. Moreover, since clustering
requires registering images of similar orientation into the same pixel
coordinates by 2D alignment, it is desired that the clustering algorithm can
label misaligned images as outliers. Herein, we introduce a clustering
algorithm -SUP to model the data with a -Gaussian mixture and adopt
the minimum -divergence for estimation, and then use a self-updating
procedure to obtain the numerical solution. We apply -SUP to the
cryo-EM images of two benchmark macromolecules, RNA polymerase II and ribosome.
In the former case, simulated images were chosen to decouple clustering from
alignment to demonstrate -SUP is more robust to misalignment outliers
than the existing clustering methods used in the cryo-EM community. In the
latter case, the clustering of real cryo-EM data by our -SUP method
eliminates noise in many views to reveal true structure features of ribosome at
the projection level.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS680 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Reversine suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma via cell cycle arrest and concomitantly apoptosis and autophagy
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effective therapies for oral cancer patients of stage III and IV are generally surgical excision and radiation combined with adjuvant chemotherapy using 5-Fu and Cisplatin. However, the five-year survival rate is still less than 30% in Taiwan. Therefore, evaluation of effective drugs for oral cancer treatment is an important issue. Many studies indicated that aurora kinases (A, B and C) were potential targets for cancer therapies. Reversine was proved to be a novel aurora kinases inhibitor with lower toxicity recently. In this study, the potentiality for reversine as an anticancer agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was evaluated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Effects of reversine on cell growth, cell cycle progress, apoptosis, and autophagy were evaluated mainly by cell counting, flow cytometry, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results demonstrated that reversine significantly suppressed the proliferation of two OSCC cell lines (OC2 and OCSL) and markedly rendered cell cycle arrest at G2/M stage. Reversine also induced cell death via both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. In addition, reversine could inhibit Akt/mTORC1 signaling pathway, accounting for its ability to induce autophagy.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Taken together, reversine suppresses growth of OSCC via multiple mechanisms, which may be a unique advantage for developing novel therapeutic regimens for treatment of oral cancer in the future.</p
First Ground Observations of OI5577 Green Line Emission over the Taiwan Area
Worldwide ground observations of upper atmospheric airglow with particular emphasis on the OI 557.7 and 630 nm emissions have been conducted since 1960s. This study reports the first ground observations of OI 557.7 nm green line emission over the Taiwan area. For comparison, the background continuum at 530 nm was also measured by the same system. The experiments were conducted during the period of Aug - Dec, 2004 at various locations in Taiwan using a self-developed photometer instrument. Daily height integrated intensity of the night-time green line emission may vary in the range of 80 - 210 Rayleighs and twilight enhancement is also identified. The observational results may serve as a useful reference for follow-up sounding rocket measurements of OI 557.7 nm airglow emission over the Taiwan area
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