The Effect of Explicit Structure Encoding of Deep Neural Networks for Symbolic Music Generation

With recent breakthroughs in artificial neural networks, deep generative models have become one of the leading techniques for computational creativity. Despite very promising progress on image and short sequence generation, symbolic music generation remains a challenging problem since the structure of compositions are usually complicated. In this study, we attempt to solve the melody generation problem constrained by the given chord progression. This music meta-creation problem can also be incorporated into a plan recognition system with user inputs and predictive structural outputs. In particular, we explore the effect of explicit architectural encoding of musical structure via comparing two sequential generative models: LSTM (a type of RNN) and WaveNet (dilated temporal-CNN). As far as we know, this is the first study of applying WaveNet to symbolic music generation, as well as the first systematic comparison between temporal-CNN and RNN for music generation. We conduct a survey for evaluation in our generations and implemented Variable Markov Oracle in music pattern discovery. Experimental results show that to encode structure more explicitly using a stack of dilated convolution layers improved the performance significantly, and a global encoding of underlying chord progression into the generation procedure gains even more.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figure

ニトロンへの有機亜鉛試薬の不斉求核付加反応 : 生成物類似ラセミ化合物の添加によるエナンチオ選択性の向上

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第1088号，学位授与年月日：平成21年3月23

AFM探針の化学修飾を基盤とする生命科学への展開

金沢大学ナノ生命科学研究所AFM探針先端に三脚型の有機合成分子を結合させ、ケモセレクテイブなライゲーションを用いてタンパク質結合型のAFM探針の開発を行う。修飾したAFM探針を応用し、二つの展望が考えられる。1.従来のAFM探針より自由度があり、多様な分野へ拡張できる。2.修飾した探針が特異的であり、タンパク質とその酵素のように相互作用するため、試料中の不純物から検出された信号と区別しやすく、解析もしやすくなる。また、フリーペプチド先端のあるAFM探針を用いて分子シャペロン試料を観察し、タンパク質のフォールテイング過程を分析することで、生命科学分野におけるタンパク質のダイナミックな挙動に関する新たな知見が期待される。研究課題/領域番号:21H04127, 研究期間:2021-04-01 – 2022-03-31出典：研究課題「AFM探針の化学修飾を基盤とする生命科学への展開」課題番号21H04127（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21H04127/）を加工して作

One pot synthesis of optically active 4-isoxazolines by asymmetric addition of alkynylzinc reagents to nitrones followed by cyclization

金沢大学理工研究域物質化学系One pot synthesis of optically active 4-isoxazolines was achieved by asymmetric addition of alkynylzinc reagents to nitrones utilizing di(t-butyl) (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary followed by cyclization. By addition of dimethylzinc, the cyclization step was accelerated to afford the corresponding 4-isoxazolines with up to 93% ee. Furthermore, a cyclized zinc intermediate could be trapped with formaldehyde to give the corresponding 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted 4-isoxazoline with 85% ee. © 2009 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry All rights reserved

Asymmetric addition of phenylzinc reagents to C-alkynyl nitrones. Enantiomeric enhancement by a product-like additive

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科物質創成Asymmetric addition of diphenylzinc to C-alkynyl nitrones was achieved by utilizing di(t-butyl) (R,R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary to afford the corresponding optically active (S)-N-(1-phenyl-3-substituted prop-2-ynyl)hydroxylamines. By the addition of a product-like additive, enantiomeric enhancement was observed. A mixed zinc reagent, PhZnMe, improved the enantioselection to afford hydroxylamines in up to 92% ee. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Safety and Efficacy of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition for Percutaneously Undrainable Abdominal Abscesses in Crohn’s Disease

Background. The percutaneously undrainable abdominal abscesses in Crohn’s disease (CD) are not uncommon. The treatment protocol is still under debate. This study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for percutaneously undrainable abscesses in CD. Methods. A consecutive cohort of 83 CD patients with percutaneously undrainable abdominal abscesses between January 2011 and June 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the EEN group and the non-EEN group. Results. The cumulative surgical rate was significantly lower in the EEN group than in the non-EEN group (P=0.001). Fifteen percent patients treated with EEN avoided surgery. EEN (P=0.002) was associated with a decreased need for surgery. Previous abdominal surgery (P=0.009) and abscess diameter > 3 cm (P=0.022) were associated with an increased need for operation. EEN increased the albumin level, while decreased ESR and CRP significantly for patients requiring surgery. The risk of postoperative intra-abdominal septic complications (P=0.036) was significantly lower in the EEN group compared with the non-EEN group. Conclusions. EEN is feasible in CD patients presenting with percutaneously undrainable abdominal abscesses. It is associated with a reduction in surgical rate, optimized preoperative condition, and improved postoperative outcomes in these specific groups of patients

Association of MDR1 Gene SNPs and Haplotypes with the Tacrolimus Dose Requirements in Han Chinese Liver Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: This work seeks to evaluate the association between the C/D ratios (plasma concentration of tacrolimus divided by daily dose of tacrolimus per body weight) of tacrolimus and the haplotypes of MDR1 gene combined by C1236T (rs1128503), G2677A/T (rs2032582) and C3435T (rs1045642), and to further determine the functional significance of haplotypes in the clinical pharmacokinetics of oral tacrolimus in Han Chinese liver transplant recipients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The tacrolimus blood concentrations were continuously recorded for one month after initial administration, and the peripheral blood DNA from a total of 62 liver transplant recipients was extracted. Genotyping of C1236T, G2677A/T and C3435T was performed, and SNP frequency, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium, haplotypes analysis and multiple testing were achieved by software PLINK. C/D ratios of different SNP groups or haplotype groups were compared, with a p value<0.05 considered statistically significant. Linkage studies revealed that C1236T, G2677A/T and C3435T are genetically associated with each other. Patients carrying T-T haplotype combined by C1236T and G2677A/T, and an additional T/T homozygote at either position would require higher dose of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus C/D ratios of liver transplant recipients varied significantly among different haplotype groups of MDR1 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that the genetic polymorphism could be used as a valuable molecular marker for the prediction of tacrolimus C/D ratios of liver transplant recipients