Revealing Tripartite Quantum Discord with Tripartite Information Diagram

A new measure based on the tripartite information diagram is proposed for identifying quantum discord in tripartite systems. The proposed measure generalizes the mutual information underlying discord from bipartite to tripartite systems, and utilizes both one-particle and two-particle projective measurements to reveal the characteristics of the tripartite quantum discord. The feasibility of the proposed measure is demonstrated by evaluating the tripartite quantum discord for systems with states close to Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger, W, and biseparable states. In addition, the connections between tripartite quantum discord and two other quantum correlations---namely genuine tripartite entanglement and genuine tripartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering---are briefly discussed. The present study considers the case of quantum discord in tripartite systems. However, the proposed framework can be readily extended to general N-partite systems

Defending Behavior of Peer Victimization in School and Cyber Context During Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-Analytic Review of Individual and Peer-Relational Characteristics

Adolescent defending of peer victimization in the school and cyber context has received increased attention in developmental science and is an important component of antibullying interventions. However, the overall prevalence, and individual characteristics that correlate with defending in adolescence, have not been systematically and statistically reviewed. Framed in Bronfenbrenner’s social-ecological theory, this meta-analytic review included 172 reports out of 155 studies of defending including 150,978 children and adolescent participants from 4 continents (i.e., North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia) to analyze two aspects: (1) the average proportion of defenders in the population and (2) associations between defending and individual and peer-relational correlates of defending in school and cyber contexts. Using mixed-effects modeling, our results confirmed prior findings of gender differences (favoring girls) and age differences (favoring younger children) in defending. We found positive correlations between defending and affective empathy, cognitive empathy, experiences of peer victimization, self-efficacy, popularity, and acceptance, and a negative correlation between defending and moral disengagement. We also found substantial heterogeneity in these effect sizes. The reporter of defending consistently moderated all mean effect sizes. Implications for prevention efforts and future research are discussed

Lensfree computational microscopy tools for cell and tissue imaging at the point-of-care and in low-resource settings.

The recent revolution in digital technologies and information processing methods present important opportunities to transform the way optical imaging is performed, particularly toward improving the throughput of microscopes while at the same time reducing their relative cost and complexity. Lensfree computational microscopy is rapidly emerging toward this end, and by discarding lenses and other bulky optical components of conventional imaging systems, and relying on digital computation instead, it can achieve both reflection and transmission mode microscopy over a large field-of-view within compact, cost-effective and mechanically robust architectures. Such high throughput and miniaturized imaging devices can provide a complementary toolset for telemedicine applications and point-of-care diagnostics by facilitating complex and critical tasks such as cytometry and microscopic analysis of e.g., blood smears, Pap tests and tissue samples. In this article, the basics of these lensfree microscopy modalities will be reviewed, and their clinically relevant applications will be discussed

Intertwined Orders and Electronic Structure in Superconducting Vortex Halos

We present a comprehensive study of vortex structures in $d$-wave superconductors from large-scale renormalized mean-field theory of the square-lattice $t$-$t'$-$J$ model, which has been shown to provide a quantitative modeling for high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors. With an efficient implementation of the kernel polynomial method for solving electronic structures, self-consistent calculations involving up to $10^5$ variational parameters are performed to investigate the vortex solutions on lattices of up to $10^4$ sites. By taking into account the strong correlation of the model, our calculations shed new lights on two puzzling results that have emerged from recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments. The first concerns the issue of the zero-biased-conductance peak (ZBCP) at the vortex core for a uniform $d$-wave superconducting state. Despite its theoretical prediction, the ZBCP was not observed in most doping range of cuprates except in heavily over-doped samples at low magnetic field. The second issue is the nature of the checkerboard charge density waves (CDWs) with a period of about 8 unit cells in the vortex halo at optimal doping. Although it has been suggested that such bipartite structure arises from low-energy quasiparticle interference, another intriguing scenario posits that the checkerboard CDWs originate from an underlying bidirectional pair-density wave (PDW) ordering with the same period. We present a coherent interpretation of these experimental results based on systematic studies of the doping and magnetic field effects on vortex solutions with and without a checkerboard structure. The mechanism of the emergent intertwined orders within the vortex halo is also discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure