12,084 research outputs found
Birefringence induced polarization-independent and nearly all-angle transparency through a metallic film
We propose an birefringence route to perfect electromagnetic (EM) wave
tunneling through a metallic film which relies on homogeneous birefringent
coatings with moderate and positive parameters only. EM transparency is
achieved in such an birefringent-metal-birefringent (BMB) structure for both
polarizations and over nearly all incident angles. The stringent restrictions
in conventional dielectric-metal-dielectric media, i.e., dielectrics with
extremely negative permittivity, high magnetic field and polarization
dependence (only for TE waves), are not required in our method. The criterion
for perfect transmission is obtained by analyzing the effective medium theory
and EM fields of such a birefringent structure. The solutions hold for lossless
and lossy cases in a quite large frequency range.Comment: 9 page
Direct Bonding SOI Wafer Based Cantilever Resonator for Trace Gas Sensor Application
A thermal driving and piezoresistive sensing MEMS cantilever resonator has been proposed and developed to construct trace gas detection sensors. The problem of integrating vibration structure, transducers and electric elements is the main concern in the design and fabrication of the resonator. In this paper, the parameters and the configuration of the resonator are discussed, the fabrication process and the test results are presented. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out to optimize the configuration of the resonator to obtain high sensitivity and efficiency with a uniform temperature distribution that is propitious to the function of the gas sensing material. The fabrication process is based on direct bonding silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer and inductive coupled plasma (ICP) etching technology, which conciliate the semiconductor processes and the micromaching processes, and provide precise control of the resonator parameters. The experimental test results of the fabricated resonator agreed well with the calculation and simulation results and demonstrated that the proposed resonator was qualified to construct trace gas detection sensors
Catalytic Iridium-Based Janus Micromotors Powered by Ultralow Levels of Chemical Fuels
We describe catalytic micromotors powered by remarkably low concentrations of chemical fuel, down to the 0.0000001% level. These Janus micromotors rely on an iridium hemispheric layer for the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine in connection to SiO_2 spherical particles. The micromotors are self-propelled at a very high speed (of ∼20 body lengths s^(–1)) in a 0.001% hydrazine solution due to osmotic effects. Such a low fuel concentration represents a 10 000-fold decrease in the level required for common catalytic nanomotors. The attractive propulsion performance, efficient catalytic energy-harvesting, environmentally triggered swarming behavior, and magnetic control of the new Janus micromotors hold considerable promise for diverse practical applications
DCMD: Distance-based Classification Using Mixture Distributions on Microbiome Data
Current advances in next generation sequencing techniques have allowed
researchers to conduct comprehensive research on microbiome and human diseases,
with recent studies identifying associations between human microbiome and
health outcomes for a number of chronic conditions. However, microbiome data
structure, characterized by sparsity and skewness, presents challenges to
building effective classifiers. To address this, we present an innovative
approach for distance-based classification using mixture distributions (DCMD).
The method aims to improve classification performance when using microbiome
community data, where the predictors are composed of sparse and heterogeneous
count data. This approach models the inherent uncertainty in sparse counts by
estimating a mixture distribution for the sample data, and representing each
observation as a distribution, conditional on observed counts and the estimated
mixture, which are then used as inputs for distance-based classification. The
method is implemented into a k-means and k-nearest neighbours framework and we
identify two distance metrics that produce optimal results. The performance of
the model is assessed using simulations and applied to a human microbiome
study, with results compared against a number of existing machine learning and
distance-based approaches. The proposed method is competitive when compared to
the machine learning approaches and showed a clear improvement over commonly
used distance-based classifiers. The range of applicability and robustness make
the proposed method a viable alternative for classification using sparse
microbiome count data.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figure
2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)acetamide
The non-H atoms of the title molecule, C14H16N4OS, are coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.039 Å. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 2.4 (2)°. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. The molecules exist as N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonded centrosymmetric dimers
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