3,749 research outputs found
Exploiting Contextual Information for Prosodic Event Detection Using Auto-Context
Prosody and prosodic boundaries carry significant information regarding linguistics and paralinguistics and are important aspects of speech. In the field of prosodic event detection, many local acoustic features have been investigated; however, contextual information has not yet been thoroughly exploited. The most difficult aspect of this lies in learning the long-distance contextual dependencies effectively and efficiently. To address this problem, we introduce the use of an algorithm called auto-context. In this algorithm, a classifier is first trained based on a set of local acoustic features, after which the generated probabilities are used along with the local features as contextual information to train new classifiers. By iteratively using updated probabilities as the contextual information, the algorithm can accurately model contextual dependencies and improve classification ability. The advantages of this method include its flexible structure and the ability of capturing contextual relationships. When using the auto-context algorithm based on support vector machine, we can improve the detection accuracy by about 3% and F-score by more than 7% on both two-way and four-way pitch accent detections in combination with the acoustic context. For boundary detection, the accuracy improvement is about 1% and the F-score improvement reaches 12%. The new algorithm outperforms conditional random fields, especially on boundary detection in terms of F-score. It also outperforms an n-gram language model on the task of pitch accent detection
2-Cyano-2-methylpropanamide
In the crystal structure of the title compound, C5H8N2O, molecules are linked via pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. These dimers are linked via pairs of N—H⋯H hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains propagating along [101]
Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Models
As large language models continue to develop in the field of AI, text
generation systems are susceptible to a worrisome phenomenon known as
hallucination. In this study, we summarize recent compelling insights into
hallucinations in LLMs. We present a novel taxonomy of hallucinations from
various text generation tasks, thus provide theoretical insights, detection
methods and improvement approaches. Based on this, future research directions
are proposed. Our contribution are threefold: (1) We provide a detailed and
complete taxonomy for hallucinations appearing in text generation tasks; (2) We
provide theoretical analyses of hallucinations in LLMs and provide existing
detection and improvement methods; (3) We propose several research directions
that can be developed in the future. As hallucinations garner significant
attention from the community, we will maintain updates on relevant research
progress.Comment: work in progress; 21 page
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