Interfaces in the returnees' heritage language: Is the complete (re-)activation possible?

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The aim of this study is to examine whether the complete (re-)activation of interface domains in the heritage language (HL) is possible or whether interfaces are likely to preserve features typical for the HL even after many years of residing in the country of origin. Design/methodology/approach: We present the group analysis of direct object marking in Turkish, which is a morphology-syntax-pragmatics interface, of Turkish-German returnees, who returned to Turkey after puberty and have been residing in the country for a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 34 years, and compare them with the control group consisting of Turkish speakers who have been living in Turkey all their lives. Data and analysis: The data were collected using a narrative task, a completion task and a grammaticality judgement task, and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings/conclusions: The analysis of the narrative task revealed that the returnee participants used case-marking on direct objects productively depending on the discourse and syntactic position of the direct object in their heritage Turkish. However, their performance on the completion and grammaticality judgement tasks diverged from those of the control group. These findings can be considered as a piece of evidence that interface domains stay obstinate to complete (re-)activation and may preserve features typical for the HL many years after the return to the country of origin. Originality: The study suggests relevance of the Interface Hypothesis to the process of HL (re-)activation. Significance/implications: The study contributes to the research on the HL development of returnees after their return to the country of origin

Approach and Preliminary Results for Early Growth Technology Analysis

Even experts cannot be fully aware of all the promising developments in broad and complex fields of technology, such as renewable energy. Fortunately, there exist many diverse sources of information that report new technological developments, such as journal publications, news stories, and blogs. However, the volume of data contained in these sources is enormous; it would be difficult for a human to read and digest all of this information - especially in a timely manner. This paper describes a novel application of technology mining techniques to these diverse information sources to study, visualize, and identify the evolution of promising new technologies - a challenge we call 'early growth technology analysis.' For the work reported herein, we use as inputs information about millions of published documents contained in sources such as SCIRCUS, Inspec, and Compendex. We accomplish this analysis through the use of bibliometric analysis, consisting of three key steps: 1. Extract related keywords (from keywords in articles) 2. Determine the annual occurrence frequencies of these keywords 3. Identify those exhibiting rapid growth, particularly if starting from a low base. To provide a focus for the experiments and subsequent discussions, a pilot study was conducted in the area of 'renewable energy,' though the techniques and methods developed are neutral to the domain of study. Preliminary results and conclusions from the case study are presented and are discussed in the context of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology

Supersymmetry Breaking and Dilaton Stabilization in String Gas Cosmology

In this Note we study supersymmetry breaking via gaugino condensation in string gas cosmology. We show that the same gaugino condensate which is introduced to stabilize the dilaton breaks supersymmetry. We study the constraints on the scale of supersymmetry breaking which this mechanism leads to.Comment: 11 page

Mini volume collapse as evidence for a three-body magnetic polaron in S m1-x e ux S

Samarium sulfide (SmS) is a nonmagnetic narrow-gap (0.06 eV) semiconductor that undergoes a transition to a metallic intermediate valence state at 6.5 kbar. Europium sulfide (EuS) is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature of 16 K and a gap of 1.6 eV. Here we present a study of the lattice constant, magnetic susceptibility, and resistivity of the substitution series Sm1-xEuxS for 0 \u3c x \u3c 1. We observe a smooth interpolation of magnetic and transport behavior across the series, consistent with a virtual crystal scenario and Vegard\u27s law. Surprisingly, however, the lattice constant deviates below Vegard\u27s law in a manner that suggests parametric control of the Sm-Sm distance by the Eu moment in the manner of a magnetic polaron

Theory-guided investigation on magnetic evolution of MnPt5−x_{5-x}Pdx_xP and discovery of anti-CeCoIn5_5-type ferromagnetic MnPd5_5P

We report the magnetic changes from canted antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic orderings in anti-115-type MnPt$_{5-x}$Pd$_x$P ($x$ = 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5) and the discovery of a new rare-earth-free ferromagnet, MnPd$_5$P by both theoretical prediction and experimental investigation. The family compounds were synthesized using high temperature solid state method and characterized to crystalize in the anti-CeCoIn$_5$ type with the space group P4/mmm exhibiting a two-dimensional layered structural feature. The magnetic property measurements indicate that the compounds ordered from canted A-type antiferromagnet in MnPt$_5$P to ferromagnet above the room temperature with varying degrees of coercivity and magnetic moments in MnPd$_5$P by reducing the spin orbital coupling. The results of the MnPt$_{5-x}$Pd$_x$P have been analyzed in comparison to the other candidates of the 151 family of Mn(Pt/Pd)$_5$(P/As) to understand the complex structure-magnetism relationships

Synthesis, bottom up assembly and thermoelectric properties of Sb-doped PbS nanocrystal building blocks

The precise engineering of thermoelectric materials using nanocrystals as their building blocks has proven to be an excellent strategy to increase energy conversion efficiency. Here we present a synthetic route to produce Sb-doped PbS colloidal nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are then consolidated into nanocrystalline PbS:Sb using spark plasma sintering. We demonstrate that the introduction of Sb significantly influences the size, geometry, crystal lattice and especially the carrier concentration of PbS. The increase of charge carrier concentration achieved with the introduction of Sb translates into an increase of the electrical and thermal conductivities and a decrease of the Seebeck coefficient. Overall, PbS:Sb nanomaterial were characterized by two-fold higher thermoelectric figures of merit than undoped PbS

Benchmarking Robustness to Adversarial Image Obfuscations

Automated content filtering and moderation is an important tool that allows online platforms to build striving user communities that facilitate cooperation and prevent abuse. Unfortunately, resourceful actors try to bypass automated filters in a bid to post content that violate platform policies and codes of conduct. To reach this goal, these malicious actors may obfuscate policy violating images (e.g. overlay harmful images by carefully selected benign images or visual patterns) to prevent machine learning models from reaching the correct decision. In this paper, we invite researchers to tackle this specific issue and present a new image benchmark. This benchmark, based on ImageNet, simulates the type of obfuscations created by malicious actors. It goes beyond ImageNet-$\textrm{C}$ and ImageNet-$\bar{\textrm{C}}$ by proposing general, drastic, adversarial modifications that preserve the original content intent. It aims to tackle a more common adversarial threat than the one considered by $\ell_p$-norm bounded adversaries. We evaluate 33 pretrained models on the benchmark and train models with different augmentations, architectures and training methods on subsets of the obfuscations to measure generalization. We hope this benchmark will encourage researchers to test their models and methods and try to find new approaches that are more robust to these obfuscations

A synthetic approach for enhanced thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS bulk composites

The thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 polymer/inorganic bulk composites with different Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 content were investigated. The composites were prepared at various concentrations of Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 by a solution-phase process before grinding to fine powders in liquid N 2 for hot pressing into bulk polymer composite materials. The measured transport properties are well described within a theoretical model for effective media involving a tunneling mechanism induced by thermal voltage fluctuations. Our results present a strategy for the preparation of bulk polymer composites and demonstrate an avenue for optimization of the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 bulk composites. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4933254] Recently, polymers have been considered for thermoelectric applications primarily because of their unique combination of properties that are atypical of inorganic material, namely, mechanical flexibility, low cost, low temperature and low cost processing, and general non-toxicity

Mn(Pt1−x_{1-x}Pdx_{x})5_5P: Isovalent Tuning of Mn Sublattice Magnetic Order

We report the growth and characterization of MnPd$_5$P, a ferromagnet with T$_C$ $\approx$ 295 K, and conduct a substitutional study with its antiferromagnetic analogue MnPt$_5$P. We grow single crystals of MnPd$_5$P and Mn(Pt$_{1-x}$Pd$_x$)$_5$P by adding Mn into (Pt$_{1-x}$Pd$_{x}$)-P based melts. All compounds in the family adopt the layered anti-CeCoIn$_5$ structure with space group P4/mmm, and EDS and XRD results indicate that MnPt$_5$P and MnPd$_5$P form a solid solution. Based on magnetization and resistance data, we construct a T-x phase diagram for Mn(Pt$_{1-x}$Pd$_x$)$_5$P and demonstrate the antiferromagnetic order found in MnPt$_5$P is extraordinarily sensitive to Pd substitution. At low Pd fractions (x $<$ 0.010), the single antiferromagnetic transition in pure MnPt$_5$P splits into a higher temperature ferromagnetic transition followed on cooling by a lower temperature ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition and then by a re-entrant antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition at lower temperatures. The antiferromagnetic region makes up a bubble that persists to x $\approx$ 0.009 for T $\approx$ 150 K, with all samples x $<$ 0.009 recovering their initial ferromagnetic state with further cooling to base temperature. Over the same low x range we find a non-monotonic change in the room temperature unit cell volume, further suggesting that pure MnPt$_5$P is close to an instability. Once x $>$ 0.010, Mn(Pt$_{1-x}$Pd$_x$)$_5$P undergoes a single ferromagnetic transition. The Curie temperature increases rapidly with x, rising from T$_C$ $\approx$ 197 K at x = 0.013 to a maximum of T$_C$ $\approx$ 312 K for x $\approx$ 0.62, and then falls back to T$_C$ $\approx$ 295 K for pure MnPd$_5$P (x = 1). Given that Pt and Pd are isoelectronic, this work raises questions as to the origin of the extreme sensitivity of the magnetic ground state in MnPt$_5$P upon introducing Pd