Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from Mimusops elengi Linn. Extract: green synthesis, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity

In this study, both silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are green synthesized using a water extract of the Mimusops elengi Linn. leaf. The methods are simple, inexpensive, nontoxic, and eco-friendly. The AgNPs and ZnONPs are formed using phytochemical substances in M. elengi leaf extract at room temperature. The phenolics and flavonoids in the leaf extract is the key compounds that act as the metal-reducing agents. The effective parameters of the green synthesis (the metal concentration, leaf extract concentration, pH, temperature, and reaction time) are evaluated. The formation of the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are confirmed through colour change visuals, ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphological and crystalline characterizations of the NPs are established using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM results indicated that the AgNPs are predominantly spherical in shape with an average particle size of 22.12 nm. The ZnONPs have mostly rod-like morphology with an average size of 28.44 nm. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs against colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cells) are evaluated; the obtained NPs exhibited good free radical scavenging activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that only the 2,000-ppm extract had any potential against the Caco-2 cells; both the AgNPs and ZnONPs had no effect on Caco-2 cells. However, regarding human health, metal NPs are safe to use and are useful in the other applications

Use of volatile compound metabolic signatures in poultry tissues to back-trace dietary exposure to xenobiotics

International audienceWe investigated the feasibility of using volatile compound signatures of liver in poultry to detect previous dietary exposure to different types of xenobiotic. Six groups of broiler chickens were fed a similar diet either non-contaminated or contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or coccidiostats. The liver of each chicken was analysed by solid-phase microextraction - mass spectrometry (SPME-MS) for volatile compound metabolic signature and by gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify xenobiotic residues. The results show that the volatile compound metabolic signature could clearly differentiate the non-contaminated chickens from those contaminated with PBDEs, PAHs or coccidiostats. The results for PAHs showed a clear metabolic response in the liver although these rapidly metabolized xenobiotics are undetectable in this organ by the targeted reference analytical method. However, the rough metabolic signature obtained by SPME-MS did not enable us to evidence previous exposure to slowly metabolized compounds such as PCDD/Fs and PCBs, the residues of which are clearly detected by targeted reference methods

Use of volatile compound metabolic signatures in poultry tissues to back-trace dietary exposure to xenobiotics

International audienceWe investigated the feasibility of using volatile compound signatures of liver in poultry to detect previous dietary exposure to different types of xenobiotic. Six groups of broiler chickens were fed a similar diet either non-contaminated or contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or coccidiostats. The liver of each chicken was analysed by solid-phase microextraction - mass spectrometry (SPME-MS) for volatile compound metabolic signature and by gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS), gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify xenobiotic residues. The results show that the volatile compound metabolic signature could clearly differentiate the non-contaminated chickens from those contaminated with PBDEs, PAHs or coccidiostats. The results for PAHs showed a clear metabolic response in the liver although these rapidly metabolized xenobiotics are undetectable in this organ by the targeted reference analytical method. However, the rough metabolic signature obtained by SPME-MS did not enable us to evidence previous exposure to slowly metabolized compounds such as PCDD/Fs and PCBs, the residues of which are clearly detected by targeted reference methods