Anwendbarkeit des Social Return On Investment (SROI) als Messmethode für den Mehrwert der Sozialen Landwirtschaft

Ist die Bestimmung des "Social Return On Investment (SROI)" ein geeignetes Werkzeug, den sozialen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Mehrwert Sozialer Landwirtschaft zu messen? Auf Grundlage einer Literaturauswertung wurden Experteninterviews durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen sieben Felder relevanter Informationen: die Auswirkungen Sozialer Landwirtschaft, ihr Einfluss, besondere Merkmale, die Durchführung der SROI-Analyse, Identifizierung von Indikatoren, die Anwendung von SROI auf Soziale Landwirtschaft sowie Herausforderngen, Probleme und Erfolgsfaktoren. In Bezug auf die Anwendbarkeit von SROI auf Soziale Landwirtschaft konnten viele Vorteile, hohe Relevanz und Anwendungsfelder identifiziert werden. In der praktischen Anwendung zeigen sich jedoch Hindernisse. Bisher ist die Methode nur eingeschränkt geeignet zur Darstellung des sozialen, ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Mehrtwerts Sozialer Landwirtschaft. Bestimmte Erfolgfaktoren müssen sichergestellt sein, um ein aussagekräftiges SROI-Ergebnis zu erhalten. Für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf in Standardisierung und Ergebnistransparenz

Liriopogons (Genera Ophiopogon and Liriope, Asparagaceae): A Critical Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research

The closely related genera Liriope and Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae), collectively known in English as liriopogons, have similar therapeutic uses in treating cough, rheumatoid arthritis, and cleaning heat. The main aim of this review is to understand the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge including an assessment of the quality of the scientific evidence. A literature search was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, by retrieving available information up to 2020 from five online resources. The bioactive metabolites of liriopogons include steroidal saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, phenols. Cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-viral, anti-acute myeloid leukemia and hepatoprotective effects have been at the center of attention. From a toxicological perspective Ophiopogon japonicus seems to be safe. Some problems with the quality of the pharmacological evidence stand out including the application of excessive dose level and methodological problems in the design. Additionally, a reasonable link between local/traditional uses and pharmacological assessment is often vague or not reflected in the text. Future researches on liriopogons are required to use rigorous scientific approaches in research on evidence-based natural products for the future benefits of patients

Liriopogons (Genera Ophiopogon and Liriope, Asparagaceae): A Critical Review of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research

The closely related genera Liriope and Ophiopogon (Asparagaceae), collectively known in English as liriopogons, have similar therapeutic uses in treating cough, rheumatoid arthritis, and cleaning heat. The main aim of this review is to understand the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge including an assessment of the quality of the scientific evidence. A literature search was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines, by retrieving available information up to 2020 from five online resources. The bioactive metabolites of liriopogons include steroidal saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, phenols. Cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-viral, anti-acute myeloid leukemia and hepatoprotective effects have been at the center of attention. From a toxicological perspective Ophiopogon japonicus seems to be safe. Some problems with the quality of the pharmacological evidence stand out including the application of excessive dose level and methodological problems in the design. Additionally, a reasonable link between local/traditional uses and pharmacological assessment is often vague or not reflected in the text. Future researches on liriopogons are required to use rigorous scientific approaches in research on evidence-based natural products for the future benefits of patients

Livelihood and Conservation Aspects of Non-wood Forest Product Collection in the Shaxi Valley, Southwest China1

Livelihood and Conservation Aspects of Non-wood Forest Product Collection in the Shaxi Valley, Southwest China. The Shaxi Valley in Yunnan Province, P.R. China, is inhabited by Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups. We found a clear dichotomy between household strategies in the valley bottom and the mountain areas, with significantly lower household income in the mountains. The majority Bai people live predominantly in the fertile valley floor and cultivate rice, keep livestock, and commonly pursue off-farm work. Other ethnic groups live in more remote mountainous areas of the Shaxi Valley, where the collection of non-wood forest products, especially wild mushrooms, plays an important role in securing livelihoods. However, only households in the valley's central villages engage in the profitable non-wood forest product trade. Mushroom populations appear to be less vulnerable to commercial harvest than the rapidly declining wild medicinal plant populations. Due to this decline, local farmers have gained interest in cultivating medicinal plants, but only if risks are low and if financial and technical support is provided. Encouraging the cultivation of medicinal plants appears to be an appropriate means of sustainable community developmen

Introduction

L’aviation constitua, pour le premier tiers du XXe siècle, un objet technique neuf, en évolution rapide, incorporant dans ses complexes techniques de production mais aussi d’usage un grand nombre d’éléments eux-mêmes novateurs. Un avion, sur le plan physique, regroupe en effet un nombre important de sous-ensembles plus ou moins séparés et relevant chacun de problématiques propres : un fuselage léger, qu’il soit de toile et bois ou métallique, un moteur, dont la fiabilité donc la précision d’u..

L’hydravion, l’innovation et la presse technique française, 1909-1914

Dans l’étude de la constitution des savoirs et de l’industrie liés aux nouveaux moyens de locomotion de la Belle Époque, l’hydravion, dont les premiers exemplaires volèrent en 1910 en France et aux États-Unis, est un objet particulièrement peu étudié. Il concentre des savoirs et des pratiques issus de deux domaines différents : naval et aéronautique, le second n’existant que depuis quelques années au moment de l'invention des hydravions. Notre étude portera sur la manière dont il a été abordé dans la presse technique entre 1909 et 1914, un type de presse peu étudié par les historiens des techniques, et dont le rôle dans la diffusion des informations, des savoirs et la constitution des imaginaires, reste mal connu. Après avoir examiné la position de la presse technique dans l’historiographie de l’aéronautique et présenté notre corpus de sources, nous montrerons la place prise par la publication des brevets dans cette presse, les modalités de médiatisation de l’hydraviation comme pratique sportive, militaire, et enfin nous envisagerons, à l’analyse du travail des avionneurs, les apports des articles plus spécialisés.The seaplane is a plane capable of landing on and taking off and from water, whose first functional specimens flew in 1910 in France and in the United States. Among the new means of locomotion, invented at the Belle Époque, the seaplane has been particularly little studied. It concentrates knowledge and practices from two different areas: naval and aeronautics, the second existing since only a few years at the time of the invention of seaplanes. In the literature on the beginning of the history of seaplanes, the press articles of the years 1910-14 are the most common primary sources. Our study will focus on the technical press between 1909 and 1914, a type of press little studied by historians of technology and whose role in the dissemination of information, knowledge and the constitution of the imaginary, remains poorly understood. After examining the place of the technical press in the historiography of aeronautics and the presentation of the corpus of sources, we will show the place of patent publications, the ways of mediatization of seaplane flying as an air sport, as a military practice, and finally the contributions of articles more specialized in their content to the analysis of aircraft manufacturers' work

Wie nutzen Schüler*innen YouTube Mathematik Erklärvideos und welche Präferenzen haben sie?

Die Quantität von YouTube Tutorials nimmt ebenso zu wie auch deren Relevanz für das Lernen. Jedoch befindet sich die Erforschung dieses Phänomens noch in den Anfängen (Knaus & Valentin, 2017; Valentin 2018). In diesem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer Studie des Autors vorgestellt, die sich mit der Analyse des Nutzendenverhaltens von Mathematik YouTube Videos und den Präferenzen der Nutzer beschäftigt (Weckerle, in Vorb.)