Elucidating the multiplicity dependence of J/ψ\psi production in proton-proton collisions with PYTHIA8

A study of prompt and non-prompt J/$\psi$ production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in inelastic proton--proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV based on calculations using the PYTHIA8 Monte Carlo is reported. Recent experimental data shows an intriguing stronger-than-linear increase of the self-normalized J/$\psi$ yield with multiplicity; several models, based on initial or final state effects, have been able to describe the observed behaviour. In this paper, the microscopic reasons for this behaviour, like the role of multiple parton interactions, colour reconnections and auto-correlations are investigated. It is observed that the stronger-than-linear increase and the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) dependence, contrary to what is predicted by the other available models, can be attributed to auto-correlation effects only. In absence of auto-correlation effects, the increase of the yield of J/$\psi$ with multiplicity -- and in general for all hard processes -- is weaker than linear for multiplicities exceeding about three times the mean multiplicity. The possibility of disentangling auto-correlation effects from other physical phenomena by measuring the charged-particle multiplicity in different pseudo-rapidity and azimuthal regions relative to the J/$\psi$ direction is investigated. In this regard, it is suggested to extend the experimental measurements of J/$\psi$ production as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity by determining the multiplicity in several azimuthal regions and in particular in the Transverse region with respect to the direction of the J/$\psi$ meson.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures: accepted by EPJ

Performance characteristics of wind profiling radars

Doppler radars used to measure winds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere for weather analysis and forecasting are lower-sensitivity versions of mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radars widely used for research. The term wind profiler is used to denote these radars because measurements of vertical profiles of horizontal and vertical wind are their primary function. It is clear that wind profilers will be in widespread use within five years: procurement of a network of 30 wind profilers is underway. The Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL) has operated a small research network of radar wind profilers in Colorado for about two and one-half years. The transmitted power and antenna aperture for these radars is given. Data archiving procedures have been in place for about one year, and this data base is used to evaluate the performance of the radars. One of the prime concerns of potential wind profilers users is how often and how long wind measurements are lacking at a given height. Since these outages constitute an important part of the performance of the wind profilers, they are calculated at three radar frequencies, 50-, 405-, and 915-MHz, (wavelengths of 6-, 0.74-, and 0.33-m) at monthly intervals to determine both the number of outages at each frequency and annual variations in outages

Z Pole Observables in the MSSM

We present the currently most accurate prediction of Z pole observables such as sin^2 theta_eff, Gamma_Z, R_b, R_l, and sigma^0_had in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We take into account the complete one-loop results including the full complex phase dependence, all available MSSM two-loop corrections as well as the full SM results. We furthermore include higher-order corrections in the MSSM Higgs boson sector, entering via virtual Higgs boson contributions. For Gamma(Z -> neutralino{1} neutralino{1}) we present a full one-loop calculation. We analyse the impact of the different sectors of the MSSM with particular emphasis on the effects of the complex phases. The predictions for the Z boson observables and M_W are compared with the current experimental values. Furthermore we provide an estimate of the remaining higher-order uncertainties in the prediction of sin^2 theta_eff.Comment: 53 pages, 20 figures, journal versio

An Editor for Helping Novices to Learn Standard ML

This paper describes a novel editor intended as an aid in the learning of the functional programming language Standard ML. A common technique used by novices is programming by analogy whereby students refer to similar programs that they have written before or have seen in the course literature and use these programs as a basis to write a new program. We present a novel editor for ML which supports programming by analogy by providing a collection of editing commands that transform old programs into new ones. Each command makes changes to an isolated part of the program. These changes are propagated to the rest of the program using analogical techniques. We observed a group of novice ML students to determine the most common programming errors in learning ML and restrict our editor such that it is impossible to commit these errors. In this way, students encounter fewer bugs and so their rate of learning increases. Our editor, C Y NTHIA, has been implemented and is due to be tested on st..

Comparative study of the electron- and positron-atom bremsstrahlung

Fully relativistic treatment of the electron-atom and positron-atom bremsstrahlung is reported. The calculation is based on the partial-wave expansion of the Dirac scattering states in an external atomic field. A comparison of the electron and positron bremsstrahlung is presented for the single and double differential cross sections and the Stokes parameters of the emitted photon. It is demonstrated that the electron-positron symmetry of the bremsstrahlung spectra, which is nearly exact in the nonrelativistic regime, is to a large extent removed by the relativistic effects

Coherent forward stimulated Brillouin scattering of a spatially incoherent laser beam in a plasma and its effect on beam spray

A statistical model for forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) is developed for a spatially incoherent, monochromatic, laser beam propagating in a plasma. A threshold for the average power in a speckle is found, well below the self-focusing one, above which the laser beam spatial incoherence can not prevent the coherent growth of FSBS. Three-dimensional simulations confirm its existence and reveal the onset of beam spray above it. From these results, we propose a new figure of merit for the control of the propagation through a plasma of a spatially incoherent laser beam.Comment: submitted to PR

Study of providing omnidirectional vibration isolation to entire space shuttle payload packages

Techniques to provide omnidirectional vibration isolation for a space shuttle payload package were investigated via a reduced-scale model. Development, design, fabrication, assembly and test evaluation of a 0.125-scale isolation model are described. Final drawings for fabricated mechanical components are identified, and prints of all drawings are included