POTENTIAL WATER USE CONFLICTS GENERATED BY IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN RHODE ISLAND

This study constructs a simulation model to evaluate the potential for conflict among residential and agricultural users of water in southern Rhode Island. The model estimates the profitability of irrigation and turf farms and projects the total use and the economic value of irrigation water. The results indicate that the economic value of irrigation water compares favorably with current residential water prices in the area. In addition, substantial demand for irrigation water is projected. Given current rates of growth in turf acreage and residential water use, there appears to be a significant potential for conflict, particularly given the absence of well developed institutions for allocating water among users.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Dispersed Trading and the Prevention of Market Failure: The Case of the Copenhagen Stock Exchange

With augmented demands on power grids resulting in longer and larger blackouts combined with heightened concerns of terrorist attacks, trading institutions and policy makers have widened their search for systems that avoid market failure during these disturbing events. We provide insight into this issue by examining trading behavior at the Copenhagen Stock Exchange during a major blackout. We find that although market quality declined, markets remained functional and some price discovery occurred during the blackout period suggesting that the NOREX structure of interlinked trading systems combined with widely dispersed trading locations may be a viable means of protection against market failure during massive power disruptions or terrorist attacks.Power failure; Fragmented markets; Market failure;

Direct measurement of B(D_s^+ → φX^+)

The absolute inclusive branching fraction of D_s^+→φX^+ has been measured from data collected by the BES detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 22.3 pb^(-1). At this energy, direct pair production e^+e^-→D_s^+D_s^- has been observed. We have selected D_s candidate events by reconstructing five hadronic decay modes D_s^+→φπ^+, K^(0*)K^+, K^0K^+, f0^(π+) and K^0K^-π^+π^+ and have searched for inclusive φ’s in the recoiling D_s^-. We observed three recoiling φ’s in the 166.4 ± 31.8 D_s candidate events, which leads to the absolute branching fraction B(D_s^+→φX^+)=(17.8(-7.2 -6.3)^(+15.1+0.6)) % and B(D_s-6.3+→φπ-6.3+)=(3.6_(-1.6 -1.3)(^_3.1+0.4) %. [S0556-2821(97)02423-5

Numerical approaches for multidimensional simulations of stellar explosions

We introduce numerical algorithms for initializing multidimensional simulations of stellar explosions with 1D stellar evolution models. The initial mapping from 1D profiles onto multidimensional grids can generate severe numerical artifacts, one of the most severe of which is the violation of conservation laws for physical quantities. We introduce a numerical scheme for mapping 1D spherically-symmetric data onto multidimensional meshes so that these physical quantities are conserved. We verify our scheme by porting a realistic 1D Lagrangian stellar profile to the new multidimensional Eulerian hydro code CASTRO. Our results show that all important features in the profiles are reproduced on the new grid and that conservation laws are enforced at all resolutions after mapping. We also introduce a numerical scheme for initializing multidimensional supernova simulations with realistic perturbations predicted by 1D stellar evolution models. Instead of seeding 3D stellar profiles with random perturbations, we imprint them with velocity perturbations that reproduce the Kolmogorov energy spectrum expected for highly turbulent convective regions in stars. Our models return Kolmogorov energy spectra and vortex structures like those in turbulent flows before the modes become nonlinear. Finally, we describe approaches to determining the resolution for simulations required to capture fluid instabilities and nuclear burning. Our algorithms are applicable to multidimensional simulations besides stellar explosions that range from astrophysics to cosmology.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Measurement of J/ψ Production in Continuum e^+e^− Annihilations near √s = 10.6 GeV

The production of J/ψ mesons in continuum e^+e^− annihilations has been studied with the BABAR detector at energies near the Υ(4S) resonance. The mesons are distinguished from J/ψ production in B decays through their center-of-mass momentum and energy. We measure the cross section e^+e^− → J/ψX to be 2.52±0.21±0.21pb. We set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the branching fraction for direct Υ(4S) → J/ψX decays at 4.7×10^(-4)