4 research outputs found

    Novel Zinc-Related Differentially Methylated Regions in Leukocytes of Women With and Without Obesity

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    INTRODUCTION: Nutriepigenetic markers are predictive responses associated with changes in “surrounding” environmental conditions of humans, which may influence metabolic diseases. Although rich in calories, Western diets could be linked with the deficiency of micronutrients, resulting in the downstream of epigenetic and metabolic effects and consequently in obesity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient associated with distinct biological roles in human health. Despite the importance of Zn in metabolic processes, little is known about the relationship between Zn and epigenetic. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the epigenetic variables associated with Zn daily ingestion (ZnDI) and serum Zinc (ZnS) levels in women with and without obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a case-control, non-randomized, single-center study conducted with 21 women allocated into two groups: control group (CG), composed of 11 women without obesity, and study group (SG), composed of 10 women with obesity. Anthropometric measurements, ZnDI, and ZnS levels were evaluated. Also, leukocyte DNA was extracted for DNA methylation analysis using 450 k Illumina BeadChips. The epigenetic clock was calculated by Horvath method. The chip analysis methylation pipeline (ChAMP) package selected the differentially methylated regions (DMRs). RESULTS: The SG had lower ZnS levels than the CG. Moreover, in SG, the ZnS levels were negatively associated with the epigenetic age acceleration. The DMR analysis revealed 37 DMRs associated with ZnDI and ZnS levels. The DMR of PM20D1 gene was commonly associated with ZnDI and ZnS levels and was hypomethylated in the SG. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new information on Zn's modulation of DNA methylation patterns and bring new perspectives for understanding the nutriepigenetic mechanisms in obesity

    Effect of Brazil nut (Bertholetia excelsa H.B.K.) consumption on selenocompouds in chronic use of statins

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    Introdução e objetivos: Embora os mecanismos responsáveis pelos distúrbios musculares promovidos pelo uso de estatina permaneçam indeterminados, a suplementação com antioxidantes provenientes de alimentos parece mitigar os efeitos colaterais do medicamento. Nos seres humanos, a variação individual na resposta à suplementação de selênio (Se), não relacionada ao estado basal de Se, pode indicar a ocorrência de variantes genéticas. Vários polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) foram reconhecidos como fontes importantes de variações interindividuais no metabolismo de Se em resposta à suplementação, dentre eles SNPs em genes que codificam para as selenoproteínas glutationa peroxidase 1 (GPX1) e selenoproteína P (SELENOP). Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar se a suplementação de Se pelo consumo de castanhas-do-brasil um alimento rico em Se, poderia modular os biomarcadores do status Se, como exemplo as concentrações de Se no sangue, atividade da enzima GPX e expressão gênica da selenoproteína P (SELENOP), selenoproteína N (SELENON) e GPX, além de influenciar no controle da atividade sérica da creatina quinase (CK), um marcador indireto de dano muscular, de pacientes em uso regular de estatinas. Além disso, foi inferido se as variações genéticas em selenoproteínas modulam a resposta ao consumo das castanhas-do-brasil na mesma população do estudo. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. Trinta e dois pacientes em uso regular de estatinas receberam uma unidade de castanha-do-brasil diariamente por 3 meses. A composição corporal, as concentrações de Se no sangue, a atividade da GPX dos eritrócitos, os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e a atividade da CK foram avaliados antes e após a suplementação. No primeiro momento, para análise inicial, os indivíduos foram alocados de acordo com os níveis de atividade da CK (G1: aumentado ou G2: normal) e para a análise das variantes gênicas das selenoproteínas, os voluntários foram previamente genotipados e alocados de acordo com os SNPs nos genótipos GPX1 (rs1050450) e SELENOP (rs3877899 e rs7579). Resultados: A suplementação com uma castanha-do-brasil diariamente por 3 meses contribuiu para diminuir a atividade da CK no soro, alterando de maneira positiva as concentrações plasmáticas e de eritrócitos Se (p <0,0001) e com aumento dos níveis de atividade da GPX. Entre os parâmetros relacionados ao estresse oxidativo, observamos níveis reduzidos de malondialdeído (MDA) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) nos dois grupos após a suplementação. Também encontramos uma associação moderadamente negativa entre a atividade da CK e da GPX (r = -41; p <0,02). Não detectamos alterações na expressão das selenoproteínas GPX1, SELENOP e selenoproteína N (SELENON) após a suplementação com a castanha-do-brasil. A presença de alelos variantes para SELENOP rs3877899 e SELENOP rs7579 modulou a resposta da suplementação de Se para atividade da GPX e níveis de CK. Além disso, a suplementação com a castanha-do-brasil aumentou significativamente a expressão de RNAm de GPX1 apenas em indivíduos com genótipo CC em rs1050450. A expressão do RNAm do SELENOP foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos com genótipo GG no rs7579, tanto antes quanto após a suplementação de Se. Conclusão: O consumo de castanha-do-brasil aumentou o controle da atividade da CK, melhorando os biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo em pacientes em uso de estatinas, mas não modulou a expressão do RNAm das selenoproteínas. Além disso, nossos resultados indicaram que as variações gênicas em selenoproteínas modulam a resposta da atividade GPX e dos níveis de CK à suplementação de Se via castanha-do-brasil. Também demonstramos que os polimorfismos em selenoproteínas levam a diferentes respostas na expressão do RNAm das selenoproteínas após a suplementação de Se.Background and aims: Although the mechanisms by which statins promote muscle disorders remain unclear, supplementation with dietary antioxidants may mitigate statins\' side effects. In humans, the individual variation in response to selenium (Se) supplementation may indicate the occurrence of gene variants. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been recognized as important sources of inter-individual variations in Se metabolism in response to Se supplementation. In particular, SNPs in GPX1 (encoding GPX1) and SELENOP (encoding SELENOP) have been shown to affect blood selenium or selenoprotein levels in response to supplementation. This study aimed to investigate whether the supplementation with Brazil nuts, a source of dietary Se, could modulate the biomarkers of Se status such as blood Se and GPX activity, and mRNA expression of selenoprotein P (SELENOP), selenoprotein N (SELENON), and GPX. We also verified the influence of Brazil nut supplementation on the control of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, an indirect marker of muscle damage, of patients in regular use of statins. Moreover, we investigated if nucleotide variations in selenoprotein genes could modulate the response to Brazil nuts in the same study population. Methods: The study was performed in the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital. Thirty-two patients in regular use of statins received one unit of Brazil nut daily for 3 months. Body composition, blood selenium (Se) concentrations, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and CK activity were evaluated before and after Brazil nut supplementation. At first, individuals were divided in groups according to CK activity levels (G1: increased or G2: normal). For the analysis of selenoproteins gene variants, participants were previously genotyped and allocated according to SNPs in GPX1 (rs1050450) and SELENOP (rs3877899 and rs7579) genotypes. Results: Supplementation with one Brazil nut daily for 3 months decreased levels of CK activity in serum, with positive changes in plasma and erythrocyte Se concentrations (p<0.0001), while increasing levels of GPX activity. Regarding oxidative stress, we observed reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both groups after supplementation. We also found a moderately negative association between CK and GPX activity (r=-41; p<0.02). We did not detect changes in the expression of selenoproteins GPX1, SELENOP, and SELENON after Brazil nut supplementation. The presence of variant alleles rs3877899 and rs7579 for SELENOP modulates response to Se supplementation for blood GPX activity and CK levels. Brazil nut supplementation significantly increased GPX1 mRNA expression only in subjects with CC genotype at rs1050450 in the GPX1 gene. SELENOP mRNA expression was significantly lower in subjects with GG genotype of rs7579, both before and after supplementation. Conclusion: Brazil nut consumption improved the control of CK activity, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in patients using statins but did not modulate the mRNA expression of selenoproteins. Furthermore, our findings indicated that selenoprotein gene variations modulate the response of GPX activity and CK levels to Brazil nut supplementation. We also demonstrated that selenoprotein polymorphisms lead to different responses in mRNA expression of selenoproteins following Se supplementation with Brazil nut

    Food and Nutrition Public Policies in Brazil: From Malnutrition to Obesity

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    “Nutrition transition” describes the shifts in dietary consumption and energy expenditure influenced by economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes at a population level. This phenomenon has been associated with rising obesity rates worldwide, especially in developed countries. In Brazil, the historical analysis of temporal trends between malnutrition and obesity characterized the nutrition transition in the country and interweaved it with the formulation and implementation of public food and nutrition policies. Such analysis is crucial for understanding certain principles in each context. Thus, this review contextualized the consolidation of obesity as a critical health and public policy issue in Brazil. Our review suggested that the country may still be at the initial stage of care for obesity, and more efforts are needed to contain the advance of the disease in Brazil
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