131 research outputs found
Precession of Isolated Neutron Stars II: Magnetic Fields and Type II Superconductivity
We consider the physics of free precession of a rotating neutron star with an
oblique magnetic field. We show that if the magnetic stresses are large enough,
then there is no possibility of steady rotation, and precession is inevitable.
Even if the magnetic stresses are not strong enough to prevent steady rotation,
we show that the minimum energy state is one in which the star precesses. Since
the moment of inertia tensor is inherently triaxial in a magnetic star, the
precession is periodic but not sinusoidal in time, in agreement with
observations of PSR 1828-11. However, the problem we consider is {\it not} just
precession of a triaxial body. If magnetic stresses dominate, the amplitude of
the precession is not set just by the angle between the rotational angular
velocity and any principal axis, which allows it to be small without
suppressing oscillations of timing residuals at harmonics of the precession
frequency. We argue that magnetic distortions can lead to oscillations of
timing residuals of the amplitude, period, and relative strength of harmonics
observed in PSR 1828-11 if magnetic stresses in its core are about 200 times
larger than the classical Maxwell value for its dipole field, and the stellar
distortion induced by these enhanced magnetic stresses is about 100-1000 times
larger than the deformation of the neutron star's crust. Magnetic stresses this
large can arise if the core is a Type II superconductor, or from toroidal
fields G if the core is a normal conductor. The observations of
PSR 1828-11 appear to require that the neutron star is slightly prolate.Comment: 40 pages, 1 figure. Discussion added on vortex pinning and
compatibility with glitch models. References added and corrected. Typo
corrected (Eq. 58
Non-equilibrium effects in steady relativistic winds
We consider an ultra-relativistic wind consisting of electron-positron pairs
and photons with the principal goal of finding the asymptotic Lorentz factor
for zero baryon number. The wind is assumed to originate at
radius where it has a Lorentz factor and a temperature
sufficiently high to maintain pair equilibrium. As increases, decreases
and becomes less than the temperature corresponding to the electron mass ,
after which non-equilibrium effects become important. Further out in the flow
the optical depth drops below one, but the pairs may still be
accelerated by the photons until falls below . Radiative transfer calculations show that only at this point
do the radiation flux and pressure start to deviate significantly from their
blackbody values. The acceleration of the pairs increases by a factor
as compared to its value at the photosphere; it is shown to approach
\gamma_{\infty} \sim 1.4\times 10^3 (r_i/10^6\mbox{cm})^{1/4} \gamma_{i}^{3/4}
T_i/m_e.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to MNRA
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