Electronic Structures of Quantum Dots and the Ultimate Resolution of Integers

The orbital angular momentum L as an integer can be ultimately factorized as a product of prime numbers. We show here a close relation between the resolution of L and the classification of quantum states of an N-electron 2-dimensional system. In this scheme, the states are in essence classified into different types according to the m(k)-accessibility, namely the ability to get access to symmetric geometric configurations. The m(k)-accessibility is an universal concept underlying all kinds of 2-dimensional systems with a center. Numerical calculations have been performed to reveal the electronic structures of the states of the dots with 9 and 19 electrons,respectively. This paper supports the Laughlin wave finction and the composite fermion model from the aspect of symmetry.Comment: Two figure

Implications of the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Trial for US Clinical Practice

Objectives This study aims to determine the proportion of real-world patients with myocardial infarction (MI) who would have been eligible for the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 54) trial, to characterise their current use of P2Y12 inhibitors and to explore the estimated costs and ischaemic event consequences of increasing P2Y12 inhibitor use among these patients. Methods In the US national ACTION Registry–GWTG (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines), we identified 273 328 patients with MI and determined the proportion that would have met the eligibility criteria for the PEGASUS trial. We described longitudinal P2Y12 inhibitor use among patients eligible for PEGASUS and estimated the cost and ischaemic consequences of increasing P2Y12 use among eligible patients. Results A total of 112 222 (41.1%) patients with MI in ACTION Registry–GWTG met eligibility for the PEGASUS trial. Among 83 871 eligible patients with pharmacy claims data, 23 042 (27.5%) were on a P2Y12 inhibitor at 1 year, 9661 (11.5%) at 2 years and 5246 (6.3%) at 3 years, with the majority (79.2%) of these patients on clopidogrel. The use of ticagrelor in eligible patients not yet on a P2Y12 inhibitor at 1 year post-MI would cost an estimated US$885 000 per MI, stroke or cardiovascular death averted over a 3-year time horizon, while the use of clopidogrel would cost an estimated US$19 800 per ischaemic event averted. Conclusion In contemporary clinical practice, a minority of patients are on a P2Y12 inhibitor beyond 1-year post-MI. Applying PEGASUS trial findings to clinical practice would result in a large increase in P2Y12 inhibitor use, with a cost per ischaemic event averted that is strongly influenced by the choice of therapy

Etiology of Diarrhea in Older Children, Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review

Diarrhea is an important cause of illness and death around the world and among people of all ages, but unfortunately we often do not know what specific bacterium or virus causes the illness. We conducted a review of the scientific literature with the goal of finding published studies that identified bacteria and viruses among patients with diarrhea in the community and in hospital settings. We initially found nearly 26,000 papers on this topic but narrowed the list to 22 studies that met all of our specific criteria for inclusion in our review. Among patients hospitalized for diarrhea, E coli and Vibrio cholerae were found in more than 49% of people living in middle income and poor countries. Among patients who sought care from their doctor on an outpatient basis, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and E. histolytica were most often found. In our review we focused on the differences in the distribution of pathogens between patients in inpatient vs. outpatient settings because these estimates may best approximate what we would expect to see if the distribution were applied to global estimates of diarrhea deaths vs. uncomplicated illnesses

An Adaptive Technique For Isolating The Seismic Response Of An Infrasound Sensor

This paper presents the adaptive noise cancellation model as a method for isolating the seismic response of an infrasound sensor. While this response has been thoroughly characterized in the laboratory, to date there has not been an effective method for isolating it in the field. The technique developed in this paper utilizes a collocated seismometer as a reference signal and then applies an adaptive filter to isolate the infrasound sensor\u27s seismic response. In this paper, two adaptive algorithms are investigated for both cost and performance, including Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Block LMS (BLMS). The technique is applied to a real-world data set obtained from the October 2011 Turkish earthquake, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in isolating the seismic response. The technique developed in this paper provides access to two previously unattainable signals: the isolated seismic response and the infrasound response uncorrupted by seismic noise. Once separated, these signals open the doors to many new and exciting applications, including augmentation of co-located seismic measurements, more precise calibration of fielded infrasound sensors, and a lowered noise floor for better detection of infrasonic events. © 2012 IEEE

A Novel Farrow Structure With Reduced Complexity

The Farrow Structure (FS) has become a standard for implementing polynomial-based interpolation filters. Several improvements have been made to enhance the performance and efficiency of the original structure. New structures have evolved from these developments. These new structures include the Modified Farrow Structure (MFS) and the Generalized Farrow Structure (GFS). The MFS takes advantage of linear phase, requiring approximately half the number of multiplications of the FS. The GFS employs oversampling to simplify the polynomial-based filter. In this contribution a novel Farrow Structure is derived. The new structure is termed the Generalized Modified Farrow Structure (GMFS). Also introduced is a special case of the GMFS, namely, the Dual Phase Modified Farrow Structure (DPMFS). It is shown that the DPMFS combines the advantages of both the GFS and MFS providing greater performance at reduced implementation cost. © 2009 IEEE

Joint Interference Rejection And Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation In Wireless Receivers Employing Block Ica

In future Software Defined Radio (SDR) communication systems, most radio functionalities are performed in the digital domain. For wireless transceivers, digital implementations offer flexibility and potential for greater degree of integration. In this paper, two important receiver functionalities are considered, namely, interference rejection and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) compensation. Block Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithms are employed as leading techniques to perform both tasks simultaneously at baseband. Diversity receiver structure is adopted that facilitates the use of ICA technique. Simulations are performed for BPSK receivers assuming typical CFO and fading conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method efficiently achieves desirable performance with reasonable computational complexity. Also, it is concluded that the recently proposed Optimum Block Adaptive ICA (OBA/ ICA) algorithm outperforms the well-known Fast-ICA algorithm due to the time-variation in the signal model introduced by CFO

General Optimum Block Adaptative Ica For Signal Separation With Known Source Distributions

This paper presents a novel implementation of optimum block adaptative Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm for signals with known source distributions, which is frequently a valid assumption in practice. The block algorithm calculates the optimum weight update based on a Taylor Series expansion. The technique imposes no requirement on the number of the sources and block length, and it is suitable for application in time-varying environment. The proposed method is simulated for interference rejection in wireless receivers, and the performance is compared with the well-known Fast-ICA algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the new algorithm outperforms Fast-ICA under dynamic conditions at no additional computational cost. For mobile cellular systems, this algorithm lends itself to practical application in the case of high user mobility, handoff and/or rapid changing channel conditions

Effect Of Signals\u27 Probabilistic Distributions On Performance Of Adaptive Noise Canceling Algorithms

In adaptive noise canceling applications, the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm has been widely used due to its theoretical and implementation simplicities. Recently, Independent Component Analysis (ICA)-based algorithms are applied in speech or echo cancellation applications. Utilizing higher order statistics, ICA achieves better performance than the conventional LMS in these applications. This paper studies the performance of the two adaptive noise cancellation approaches with different signals\u27 probabilistic distributions. Our research indicates that the ICA-based approach works better for super-Gaussian signals, while LMS-based method is preferable for sub-Gaussian signals. Therefore, an appropriate choice between the LMS- and ICA- based approaches can be made if prior information about the signal\u27s probabilistic distribution is available. © 2011 IEEE