Situated cognition in implementation : what teacher professional development looks like from a socio-psychological perspective

textMuch has been documented regarding the characteristics of effective professional development, but there is a conspicuous lack of research that attends to the ways that situational factors influence its implementation. Identifying and interpreting these factors can have important implications for designers and evaluators of professional development programs, especially if we are to understand knowledge construction as being culturally mediated, agentic, and situated within local contexts. This study seeks to uncover the social and psychological factors that mediate the way local actors implement professional development by analyzing how facilitators and teachers enact a large-scale professional development program in the absence of strict fidelity expectations.Educational Psycholog

Notice and Choice Must Go: The Collective Control Alternative

Over twenty years of criticism conclusively confirm that Notice and Choice results in, as the law professor Fred Cate puts it, “the worst of all worlds: privacy protection is not enhanced, individuals and businesses pay the cost of bureaucratic laws.” So why is it still the dominant legislative and regulatory approach to ensuring adequate informational privacy online? Recent implementations of Notice and Choice include the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, and California’s Consumer Protection Privacy Act. There is a well-known alternative (advanced by Helen Nissenbaum and others) that sees informational privacy as arising from social norms that require conformity to shared expectations about selective information flows. So why have twenty years of criticism been so ineffective in turning the tide from Notice and Choice to the social norm alternative? One plausible factor is that the Notice and Choice criticisms detail the flaws but do not adequately motivate the turn to the social norms. A motivationally compelling critique would show how and why the failure of Notice and Choice, properly understood, reveals the undeniable need for the collective control alternative provide by social norms. That does not yet exist in the Notice and Choice literature. Notice and Choice Must Go: The Collective Control Alternative remedies that lack

Spam and Beyond: Freedom, Efficiency, and the Regulation of E-mail Advertising, 22 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 141 (2003)

Traditional forms of mailing advertisers bear the full cost of delivering advertisements to consumers. However, this is not true in the form of all e-mail advertisement, spam or not. E-mail users subsidize part of any e-mail advertisement, thereby splitting costs between advertiser and the consumer who receives the e-mail advertisement. This article takes the position that the subsidization that occurs in e-mail advertisement should be eliminated because it unjustifiably violates individual freedom. The article discusses why the delivery charges between sender and recipient are divided, why such cost-division violates freedom, and whether the violation is justified. The article also defines spam and discusses why the sending of spam unjustifiably violates freedom. A statute is proposed to redress that situation. Non-spam advertisement is discussed, also with the stance that non-spam advertisement is also unjustifiably violates freedom and a second statute is suggested to remedy the situation. Finally, the article concludes with the question of how approaches to spam ought to be applied to non-advertising e-mail