Fast demand response in support of the active distribution network

Demand side management has traditionally been investigated for “normal” operation services such as balancing and congestion management. However they potentially could be utilized for Distributed Network Operator (DNO) services. This paper investigates and validates the use of a supply and demand response technology for secondary services, namely, frequency control

Field Trials towards Integrating Smart Houses with the Smart Grid

Summary. Treating homes, offices and commercial buildings as intelligently networked collaborations can contribute to enhancing the efficient use of energy. When smart houses are able to communicate, interact and negotiate with both customers and energy devices in the local grid, the energy consumption can be better adapted to the available energy supply, especially when the proportion of variable renewable generation is high. Several efforts focus on integrating the smart houses and the emerging smart grids. We consider that a highly heterogeneous infrastructure will be in place and no one-size-fits-all solution will prevail. Therefore, we present here our efforts focusing not only on designing a framework that will enable the gluing of various approaches via a service-enabled architecture, but also discuss on the trials of these. Key words: smart grid, web service, smart metering

Agent-based Electricity Balancing with Distributed Energy Resources,

Abstract — Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is providing an increasing part of the worldwide electricity supply. At the same time, there is a big potential of demand response resources. When — in a geographical area or in the contract portfolio of an energy trader — the number of these Distributed Energy Resources (DER) increases, clustered control of DER by common ICT (information and communication technology) systems can add value. Due to the fine-grained and distributed nature of DER, the design of such a system needs to meet heavy requirements, e.g. regarding scalability and openness. Further, these systems need to balance multiple stakes in a multiactor environment. Multiagent systems, especially those based on electronic markets have been identified as key technologies in this respect. This paper presents a multiperspective case study of the design, implementation and performance of such a system for the business case of imbalance reduction in commercial clusters of DER. The benefits of this approach are shown by field experimental results of a real-life DER cluster with an imbalance characteristic dominated by wind electricity production. The approach resulted in substantial imbalance reductions. Further, a thorough analysis of the networked business constellation is given, together with an indication how business modelling techniques can be used to asses the financial feasibility of the business idea. I

Seismic Study of Tremor, Deep Long-Period Earthquakes, and Basin Amplification of Ground Motion

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2017In this thesis, we use seismic data and seismological tools to investigate three topics, (1) triggering between slow slip (tremor as proxy) and nearby small earthquakes, (2) mechanisms of deep-long period earthquakes beneath Mount St. Helens, and (3) ground motion amplification in Seattle Basin. In Chapter 1, we investigate 12-year earthquake and tremor catalogs for southwest Japan, and find nearby small intraslab earthquakes are weakly correlated with tremor. In particular, intraslab earthquakes tend to be followed by tremor more often than expected at random, while the excess number of tremor before earthquakes is not as significant. The underlying triggering mechanism of tremor and inferred slow slip by earthquakes is most likely to be the dynamic stress changes (several to several tens of kPa) rather than the much smaller static stress changes. In Chapter 2, we use the catalog DLPs as templates to search for repeating events at Mount St. Helens (MSH). We have detected 277 DLPs, compared to only 22 events previously in the catalog from 2007 to 2016. Three templates from the catalog are single events, while all other templates produced matches, identifying loci of repeated activity. Overall, the detected DLPs show no significant correlation with either the subduction zone tremor and slow slip (ETS) west of MSH, or the shallow seismicity. Temporal analysis shows an elevated rate of DLPs at time of compressional tidal stress, suggesting their possible association with magmatic and/or fluid activity. We observed variable S wave polarization of the DLPs from the most productive DLP source region, indicating their source mechanisms are not identical. In Chapter 3, we use noise correlation to retrieve the empirical green’s functions (EGFs) in Seattle Basin. Consistent amplitudes measured from noise EGFs, teleseismic S wave and numerical simulations all suggest the usefulness of the amplitude of EGFs. For surface wave with period of 5-10 sec propagating from west to east, the ground motion is amplified by a factor of up to 3 within the basin. The bias of EGFs from noise heterogeneity and uncertainties of synthetics due to inaccuracy of velocity model are still to be investigated