An Evaluation of Link Neighborhood Lexical Signatures to Rediscover Missing Web Pages

For discovering the new URI of a missing web page, lexical signatures, which consist of a small number of words chosen to represent the "aboutness" of a page, have been previously proposed. However, prior methods relied on computing the lexical signature before the page was lost, or using cached or archived versions of the page to calculate a lexical signature. We demonstrate a system of constructing a lexical signature for a page from its link neighborhood, that is the "backlinks", or pages that link to the missing page. After testing various methods, we show that one can construct a lexical signature for a missing web page using only ten backlink pages. Further, we show that only the first level of backlinks are useful in this effort. The text that the backlinks use to point to the missing page is used as input for the creation of a four-word lexical signature. That lexical signature is shown to successfully find the target URI in over half of the test cases.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 8 tables, technical repor

Climate mediates geographic patterns in ecoevolutionary plant-soil dynamics

Unifying ecosystem ecology and evolutionary biology promises a more complete understanding of the processes that link different levels of biological organization across space and time. Feedbacks across levels of organization link theory associated with eco-evolutionary dynamics, niche construction, and the geographic mosaic theory of co-evolution. The work presented in this dissertation directly extends the integration of eco-evolutionary dynamics by 1) highlighting our current knowledge of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in ecosystems, to provide an improved synthesis and foundation for understanding the interplay between biodiversity and ecosystem function through an eco-evolutionary lens; 2) examining the hypothesis that climate-driven evolution of plant traits will have downstream consequences for associated soil microbiomes and ecosystem function across the landscape; and 3) examining genetically-based plant-soil feedback at the landscape scale to understand how variation in climate, soil microbiome function, and tree-driven soil conditioning interact to influence phenotypic variation in bud break phenology. The findings from this dissertation provides evidence that understanding the natural variation in genetic components of both above- and belowground portions of the plant-soil linkage are important for predicting patterns of divergence in ecosystem function in a warmer world. Cumulatively, this dissertation extends the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics by highlighting the interplay between ecology and evolution that governs the expression of phenotypes, patterns of community composition, and divergence in ecosystem function at spatial scales rarely appreciated

Measurement of Coupling PDC photon sources with single-mode and multimode optical fibers

We investigate the coupling efficiency of parametric downconversion light (PDC) into single and multi-mode optical fibers as a function of the pump beam diameter, crystal length and walk-off. We outline two different theoretical models for the preparation and collection of either single-mode or multi-mode PDC light (defined by, for instance, multi-mode fibers or apertures, corresponding to bucket detection). Moreover, we define the mode-matching collection efficiency, important for realizing a single-photon source based on PDC output into a well-defined single spatial mode. We also define a multimode collection efficiency that is useful for single-photon detector calibration applications.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Advances in the Treatment of Primary Brain Tumors: The Realm of Immunotherapy

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, although rare, represent a group of neoplasms that have a disproportionate morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in our understanding of tumor pathogenesis coupled with improvements in therapeutic options, overall survival for primary brain tumors remains dismal. Although challenging, newer approaches such as brachytherapy, immunotherapy, and electric field generators are currently being evaluated in the clinical setting with promising results. The field of immunotherapy in neurooncology is still in its infancy, but several advances have already been made, including the development of tumor vaccines, utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and activation of tumor dendritic cells to stimulate the host’s immune system. Recent advances in noninvasive electric fields have been applied to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with encouraging clinical outcome. In this chapter, we will review the latest advances in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme with a focus on immunotherapy

Understanding of Entrepreneurship in the Emergency of High Technology Firms: the Impact of the Longitudinal Case Study within a Construction Industry Context.

Entrepreneurs create companies, employment and are often in the vanguard and view technology developments and applications- they are the Schumpeterian agents of ‘creative destructive’. This is widely recognized reality which underpins national and regional policies to create the conditions necessary to encourage and sustain entrepreneurial start-up companies. It is therefore surprising there is a dearth of research in to entrepreneurship within a construction industry context-given the high company formation rate in most within a construction sectors. This deficiency is further accentuated by the lack of understanding of entrepreneurship in high technology domains in an era when we seek new technologies to improve the environmental and whole lifecycle performance of buildings. This paper reportson an ongoing Construction Knowledge Exchange funded project which is tracking time, real time, the start- up and growth of a company which developing and introducing a range of leading edge light emitting diode technologies. Interim results will be presented on the interplay between business environment conditions and the complex emergence of the company: from the original motivation of the founders of the firm, to its growth strategy and organizational design and its business development and marketing strategy. Key words: entrepreneurship, high technology, light emitting diode, Context,Industr

Dienerian (Early Triassic) ammonoids from the Candelaria Hills (Nevada, USA) and their significance for palaeobiogeography and palaeoceanography

A well-preserved ammonoid fauna of Early Dienerian age has long been known from the lower portion of the Candelaria Formation in the old Candelaria silver mining district in Mineral and Esmeralda Counties, Nevada, but for a number of reasons, this fauna has never been studied in detail nor illustrated. Previous authors assigned this ammonoid fauna to the Early Dienerian Proptychites candidus Zone of Canada. In reality, it more closely resembles the Tethyan faunas than the higher palaeolatitude Canadian faunas, thus indicating the presence of some degree of equatorial faunal exchange between opposite sides of the Panthalassic Ocean during Early Dienerian time. It also indicates the onset of a provincialism, which contrasts with the cosmopolitan Griesbachian faunas. A rigorous taxonomic analysis of the Candelaria fauna allows us to differentiate the following ten species, which include two new species and one new genus (Mullericeras nov. gen.) belonging to the new family Mullericeratidae: Ambites lilangensis (Krafft, 1909), Ambites aff. radiatus (Brühwiler, Brayard, Bucher and Guodun, 2008), Ussuridiscus sp. indet., "Koninckites” aff. kraffti Spath, 1934, Mullericeras spitiense (Krafft, 1909), Mullericeras fergusoni nov. sp., Mullericeras sp. indet., Proptychites haydeni (Krafft, 1909), Proptychites pagei nov. sp., Vavilovites sp. indet. and Parahedenstroemia kiparisovae Shigeta and Zakharov, 2009. This Early Dienerian fauna correlates with the Ambites fauna known from the base of the Ceratite Marls in the Salt Range and from the base of the "Meekoceras” beds in Spiti (northern Gondwanian margin). The fauna also permits the precise dating of a shelfal anoxic episode on the equatorial North American margin. This anoxic event correlates in time with similar palaeoceanographic changes in the southern Tethys, which indicates that the Early Triassic biotic recovery was at least partly shaped by such discrete, short events rather than by pervasive and lingering adverse environmental condition

Assessing generalisability through the use of disease registers: findings from a diabetes cohort study

Objectives: Knowledge of a study population's similarity to the target population allows researchers to assess the generalisability of their results. Often generalisability is assessed through a comparison of baseline characteristics between individuals who did and did not respond to an invitation to participate in a study. In this prospective population-based cohort, we broadened this assessment by comparing participants with all individuals from a chronic disease register who satisfied the study eligibility criteria but for a number of reasons, such as the absence of consent to be approached for research purposes, did not participate

Influence of miRNA on brace root patterning in Zea mays L.

Abstract only availableBrace roots reduce lodging by providing support and represent the majority of the root system in adult plants. Previous quantitative trait locus mapping results showed that Teopod1 (Tp1), Teopod2 (Tp2), and Corngrass1 (Cg1), all mapped in chromosome regions which influence brace root patterning. Tp1 and Tp2 are semi-dominant mutants and Cg1 is a dominant mutant that result in delayed-phase-change and overlap between the juvenile and reproductive phases. Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes phase change and exogenous GA alters Tp1 and Tp2 phenotype . Prior analysis of GA mutants in our laboratory and others indicates that GA affects brace root patterning. We performed a means comparison between Tp1 and Tp2 and their wild-type siblings and identified significant differences in brace roots traits, specifically, mutants exhibited more nodes with brace roots and more brace roots at a node than their wild-type counterparts. Cg1 encode a member of the miR156 family which is known to target squamosa promoter-binding (SPB)-like proteins. Tp1 and Tp2 have also been suggested to encode members of the miR156 family. To further validate the role of miRNA156 in brace root patterning, we performed association analysis with available sequence from the parents of the nested association mapping (NAM) population and brace root trait data. Preliminary analysis supports the involvement of miRNA156 family members in brace root patterning. Additional sequencing of miRNA156 in a larger group of maize lines is underway to provide a more robust dataset for association analysis.Missouri Academy at Northwest Missouri State Universit