Modeling of the Cryogenic Liquid Pool Evaporation and the Effect of the Convective Heat Transfer from Atmosphere

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has recently known significant development worldwide. The assessment and the control of the risks associated to the production, storage and transportation of LNG is of paramount importance to ensure the sustainability of this activity. This includes the prediction of the consequences of potential loss of containment of LNG, which requires the modelling of the vaporization rate of LNG resulting from the heat transfer between the pool and surroundings. The present work focuses on the role of evaporation and convection phenomena on the cryogenic pool temperature and its vaporization rate. Various models describing heat transfer by evaporation were compared. The models differ from each other in terms of mass transfer coefficient and saturation vapor pressure (i.e. linear versus logarithmic expression). Simulations were performed to observe the temperature and vaporization rate of cryogenic liquid pool (methane/nitrogen) under known atmospheric conditions. The results show that the pool initially stays at its boiling temperature, for models using linear driving force, such indicating the prevalence of boiling on the overall vaporization rate. Subsequently, the temperature of the cryogenic pool drops down, as the heat taken by evaporation exceeds the heat transfer by convection or conduction whereas, models adopting logarithmic driving force show drop in temperature from the beginning of simulation. The results of these models were compared to existing experimental data for cryogenic liquid vaporization rate to assess their accuracy and clarify the role of evaporation in the vaporization of a cryogenic liquid pool

Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Using The Mediating Effect of Psychological Ownership

The study objective was to examine the role of psychological ownership as a mediator concerning organizational citizenship behavior and authentic leadership. A structured questionnaire was selected to gather primary data from 300 respondents of the telecom sector of Lahore; 263 questionnaires were selected valid. This research use employees of four different companies in the telecom sector as samples. This research uses correlation, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The empirical result shows that authentic leadership positively relates to organizational citizenship behavior. According to the findings of this study, psychological ownership partially mediates the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and authentic leadership among the employees of the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The Implication of this study is limited to the telecom sector of Pakistan. How to Cite:Shaikh, E., Watto, W. A., & Tunio, M. N. (2022). Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Using The Mediating Effect on Psychological Ownership. Etikonomi, 21(1), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.18968

Impact of Social Media and Television Advertising on Consumers’ Purchase Intention- A Study on Clothing Brands of Pakistan

Purpose: This research study is being conducted with the aim of understanding the impact of two most powerful media tools i.e. Television & Social Media, on the purchase intention of Female consumers in Pakistan. The research primarily concerns the clothing brands and to understand the influence of advertising and its impact by gaining the consumer insights from Target Audience. Methodology: For data collection, pre-established constructs have been adopted from published study with reliabilities and distributed among 200 respondents using convenience (non-probability) sampling technique.  The constructs used are tested through descriptive analysis, carried out on SPSS. Further the output related to the impact of these factors has been analyzed through Simple Linear Regression Analysis.  Significance of the Hypotheses has been tested by using F-test. Findings: The results of the study indicate that both social media and Television advertising have a significant positive impact on consumers’ Purchase Intention, however the findings specify that social media has greater impact in comparison to that of TV. Conclusion: This study aims at gathering consumer insights on impact of advertising, rather than looking at it through marketers’ perspective. This will help the marketers’ and Clothing brands in Pakistan to improvise their advertising plans by keeping in view the perception of consumers towards advertising. Also, it will contribute towards the development of favorable marketing strategies; such that cater to the needs of the customers and leads to the creation of brand experience that supersedes the expectations of their clients Moreover, the study can be taken further, by checking the impact of other media tools and including both genders in the population. &nbsp