ANTIFUNGAL APPRAISAL OF BURKHOLDERIA GLADIOLI STRAIN VIMP03 (JQ867372) AGAINST CERATOCYSTIS PARADOXA

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of the present investigation was to assess antifungal characterization of Burkholderia gladioli strain VIMP03 (JQ867372), anisolate from sugar beet rhizosphere.Methods: Antifungal characterization was carried out by biochemical, dual culture, and agar well diffusion methods against Ceratocystis paradoxa, asoilborne pathogen of sugarcane and other crops. Culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract obtained from culture supernatant were analyzed by highperformanceliquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, respectively.Results: The culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract exhibited effective antifungal activity. Organic acid profile of the culture filtrate was determined.Acetic acid was mainly produced by the culture under study. The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract documented the presence of compoundsincluding tetratetracontane, 9-nonadecene, erucic acid, and other hydrocarbon derivatives.Conclusion: The GC-MS, HPLC, and biochemical profiles of B. gladioli strain VIMP03 (JQ867372) revealed its agro clinical-antifungal potential.Keywords: Antifungal, Burkholderia gladioli, High-performance liquid chromatography, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Effect of Additives on Liner Properties of Case-bonded Composite Propellants

A thin layer of liner is applied to ensure a good bond between the insulator and the propellant in case-bonded rocket motors. It also acts as a protective shield for the insulatorby providing a limited fire protection effect. Liner compositions should preferably be based on the same binder system used in the propellant formulations. As the liner has to hold the propellant and the insulator without debond under all the environmental conditions, it plays a key role in predicted performance of a rocket motor. Hence, studies were carried out to improve the liner properties using various hydroxyl compounds, such as butanediol, cardanol, trimethylol propane, pyrogallol, etc as additives. Butanediol and phloroglucinol combination gave the best results in terms of mechanical properties and interface properties for the liner compositions. The effect of filler content on the liner properties was also studied. The results showed that higher filler content does not affect interface properties. Considering the fire retardancy effect and reinforcement of antimony trioxide (S£203), the formulation containing higher Sb2O3 was selected. The studies on pot life/castable life of liner showed that propellant could be cast up to 6 days after liner coating, without adversely affecting the bonding and the bond strength

Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India

Rainfed farming / Crop yield / Simulation / Rice / Wheat / Cotton / Mustard / India

Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for sustainable crop production

Climate change is the main environmental problem facing humanity. Evidences over the past few decades show that significant changes in climate are taking place all over the world as a result of enhanced human activities through deforestation emission of various greenhouse gases and indiscriminate use of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane and Nitrous Oxide are the major greenhouse gases. CO2 enters the atmosphere mostly through burning fossil fuels. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and Nitrous Oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities. Global atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased from pre-industrial level of 280 parts per million (ppm) to 408 ppm in Feb 2018. Global projections indicate higher temperature of 1.5 to 4.5°C by the year 2050 as a result of enhanced greenhouse gases. There is medium confidence in that the Indian summer monsoon circulation weakens but this is compensated by increased atmospheric moisture content leading to more rainfall. There is medium confidence in an increase of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its extremes throughout the 21st century under all RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) scenarios

Zeolites: Potential soil amendments for improving nutrient and water use efficiency and agriculture productivity

The fertilizer use in developing countries has shown a steady increase over the last few decades, and the use and manufacture of N fertilizers contributes to about 60% of the total release of reactive N. Higher farm subsidies and lower N fertilizer prices have further increased N inputs. Inappropriate fertilization patterns and excessive use of N fertilizer have resulted in considerable N losses through ammonia NH3 volatilization and NO2 leaching. This has meant that NUE has been as low as ~35%. An efficient crop nutrient management is important practice and thus, new designer or smart N fertilizers technologies are needed to support the increasing demand and avoid the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The ammonia nitrogen volatilization and nitrate leaching can be reduced or prevented by the use of zeolite carrier material applications which have N in their framework and act as slow/controlled release fertilizers. These materials will reduce ammonia volatization and nitrate leaching and at the same time increase crop yield. Zeolites are also known for their water holding capacity and in drylands they are the most suitable fertilizers to prolong moisture levels in severe drought like conditions. In addition to macronutrients, micronutrients can also be introduced into zeolites which can supplement nutrient deficient soils. Thus, zeolites along with increasing yield can also increase the nutrient and water use efficiency of drylands

Community and Climate Resilience in the Semi-Arid Tropics: A Journey of Innovation

This book focuses on developing an integrated holistic approach for harnessing the potential of rain-fed agriculture. In this approach, rainwater management through harvesting and recharging the groundwater is used as an entry point activity for increasing the productivity for farmers through enhanced water use efficiency. To provide the holistic and integrated solutions, the approach of consortium through building partnerships with different stakeholders, eg. different research institutions (State, National and International), development departments, eg. Department of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry etc., Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), Farmers Organizations Community-based Organizations (CBOs) along with market linkages through private companies

Harnessing Dividends from Drylands: Innovative Scaling up with Soil Nutrients

The livelihoods of millions of people in developing countries, which depend on dryland agriculture to ensure their food security and their well-being, could be improved measurably by gains in agricultural crop yields. This book describes lessons learnt from an innovative scheme in India that improved crop yields in drylands. It shows how the scheme can be scaled up for other dryland regions of the world. The scheme uses localized soil nutrient analyses to create an integrated, climate smart fertilizer and planting plan that maximises yields for farmers.This book describes how a partnership between a global scientific organization (such as International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, ICRISAT) and state and non-state actors can provide a route to equitable growth, specifically for small and marginal farmers, and how this approach can be replicated worldwide to enhance rural livelihoods. This strategic collaboration and its conceptual and functional design is fully outlined, as well as the scheme's implementation and the effective monitoring and learning process that has been created

Rythu Kosam Andhra Pradesh Farmer Producer Organisations Promotion Policy – 2016: Operational Guidelines

The government of Andhra Pradesh aspires to bring together 10 lakh farmers through 1,000 FPOs in the state with an objective to maintain a leadership position in India across the primary sector. This requires transformational interventions with necessary participation of all stakeholders. The following document is a step towards the same. The collectivization of producers, specifically marginal and small farm holders into producers’ organizations is emerging as the effective possible pathway to address improved access to investments, technologies, knowledge support, inputs and markets. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has identified Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) as the appropriate institutional form around which farmers would be mobilized and their collective capacity of production and marketing can be leveraged by strengthening their capacities. The formation and development of FPOs will be actively encouraged and supported by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and their agencies, using financial resources from various centrally-sponsored and state-funded schemes along with resources mobilized from the financial institutions. This Operational Guidelines document is a reference guide for line departments and development agencies which seek to promote and support Farmer Producer Organizations..

Response of sorghum to foliar sprays and seed inoculation with Azotobacter

Occurrence of non-symbiotic dinitrogen fixers in phyllosphere has been reported by Ruinen, 1956, Bond 1959, Meiklejohn, 1962, Vasantrajan and Bhat, 1968, Bhat et al. 1971 and Sen 1975. Wani, et al have reported the presence of Azotobacter spp. in the phyllosphere of sorghum and other crops. They also studied efficacy fixing nitrogen in vitro. This report deals with the effect of spraying of A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii isolated from sorghu