Terephthalic acid–4,4′-bipyridine (2/1)

In the title compound, 2C8H6O4·C10H8N2, the 4,4′-bipyridine mol­ecule is located on an inversion centre. In the crystal structure, strong inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the terephthalic acid and 4,4′-bipyridine mol­ecules lead to the formation of chains with graph-set motif C 2 2(8) along the diagonal of the bc plane

catena-Poly[[bis­(p-toluene­sulfonato-κO)palladium(II)]bis­(μ-1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane-κ2 N:N′)]

In the title compound, [Pd(C7H7O3S)2(C13H14N2)2]n, the metal ion, located on a twofold rotation axis, exhibits a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination environment, with bond angles that deviate by at most 2.2° from an ideal geometry, completed by two O atoms from two deprotonated p-toluene­sulfonic acid ligands and four N atoms from four 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane ligands. One of the sulfonate O atoms is disordered over two positions [ratio 0.70 (5):0.30 (5)]

Bis(ethano­lato-κO)(5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­calix[4]pyrrole)manganese(III) hexa­fluoro­phosphate

The title compound, [Mn(C2H5O)2(C44H28N4)]PF6, was synthesized from manganese(III) 2,4-penta­nedionate and 5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­calix[4]pyrrole by a hydro­thermal reaction. The MnIII atom is located on an inversion centre and the asymmetric unit comprises one half-formula unit. The MnIII ion is hexa­coordinated by four N atoms from one 5,10,15,20-tetra­phenyl­calix[4]pyrrole ligand and two O atoms from two deprotonated ethanol mol­ecules. The equatorially located atoms (the Mn and four N atoms) are planar. The dihedral angles between the planes of the phenyl rings and the equatorial plane are 53.3 (2) and 81.8 (2)°. One hexa­fluoro­phosphate anion balances the charge

Melatonin modulates the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the anterior pituitary of the female Wistar rat.

We studied the anti-tumorigenic effect of melatonin in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated anterior pituitaries in rats. Twenty-one female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: vehicle control rats, DES-treated rats, and DES-treated rats co-administrated with melatonin beginning at week 13. At the end of 16 weeks, rats were weighed and decapitated for morphological studies, including an H+E staining-based score evaluation in regard to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immunostaining for VEGF, MMP-9, and AQP-1, and electron microscopy. Compared with vehicle, long-term treatment of DES significantly reduced rat body weight and increased H+E score, both of which were counteracted by melatonin. Administration of melatonin also reduced the expression of VEGF and MMP-9, although no changes were detected in AQP-1 expression. In rats cotreated with melatonin, the RER loosened and accumulated more secretion granules. We thus concluded that melatonin can modulate the effects of DES on the rat anterior pituitary by downregulating expression of VEGF and MMP-9 and suppressing the release of secretion granules, suggesting a therapeutic potential in estrogen-induced pituitary malfunctions

Biomass-derived carbon material as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

Despite the abundance of carbon in nature, a significant portion of the existing biomass carbon materials in livestock, agriculture, and marine fishery industry are currently being wasted. Utilizing sustainable carbon materials as an alternative to noble Pt-based catalysts is crucial step to convert widely available and low-cost biomass resources into clean energy systems. Therefore, the rational synthesis of carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has become a hot research focus in the field of electrochemistry. In this study, the recent progress in the synthesis of ORR electrocatalysts using sustainable biomass resources was reviewed; the activation and synthesis strategies of various biomass resources, as well as the microstructure and oxygen reduction performance of the prepared carbon-based catalysts were investigated. It is hoped that this review article will promote the understanding of various parameters from biomass as precursors for catalyst preparation and make contribute to the transition of biomass resources from the wasted carbon materials to the main catalysts in future energy devices.</p

PUPAE: Intuitive and Actionable Explanations for Time Series Anomalies

In recent years there has been significant progress in time series anomaly detection. However, after detecting an (perhaps tentative) anomaly, can we explain it? Such explanations would be useful to triage anomalies. For example, in an oil refinery, should we respond to an anomaly by dispatching a hydraulic engineer, or an intern to replace the battery on a sensor? There have been some parallel efforts to explain anomalies, however many proposed techniques produce explanations that are indirect, and often seem more complex than the anomaly they seek to explain. Our review of the literature/checklists/user-manuals used by frontline practitioners in various domains reveals an interesting near-universal commonality. Most practitioners discuss, explain and report anomalies in the following format: The anomaly would be like normal data A, if not for the corruption B. The reader will appreciate that is a type of counterfactual explanation. In this work we introduce a domain agnostic counterfactual explanation technique to produce explanations for time series anomalies. As we will show, our method can produce both visual and text-based explanations that are objectively correct, intuitive and in many circumstances, directly actionable.Comment: 9 Page Manuscript, 1 Page Supplementary (Supplement not published in conference proceedings.