Effect of magnetic field on the physical properties of water

In this study, the effect of magnetic field (MF) on the partial physical properties of water are reported, tap water (TW) and 4 types of magnetized water (MW) were measured in the same condition. It was found that the properties of TW were changed following the MF treatment, shown as the increase of evaporation amount, the decrease of specific heat and boiling point after magnetization, the changes depend on the magnetization effect. In addition, magnetic field strength (MFS) has a marked influence on the magnetization effect, the optimal magnetizing condition was determined as the MFS of 300 mT. The findings of this study offered a facile approach to improve cooling and power generation efficiency in industrial. Keywords: Magnetic field, Water, Specific heat, Evaporation, Boiling poin

A simple early warning method for large internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are ubiquitous phenomena in many coastal oceans, especially the northern South China Sea (SCS). They can pose a serious threat to the deep-water drilling platforms and other ocean engineering structures. In this paper, we describe a simple and economical early warning method by estimating ISW propagation speeds using the measurements by a single acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). This method is based on the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. As an example, a set of observational data collected by mooring buoys at the Liwan block (19-20 degrees N,115-116 degrees E) of the northern SCS are used to calculate the propagation speeds and directions of measured ISWs. The accuracy of estimated ISW propagation speeds is also tested by tracking the signals of ISWs using two ADCP moorings and it is found that the prediction deviation is less than 10%. The force and torque exerted by an ISW on a semisubmersible drilling platform are also estimated according to Morison's equation and other empirical formulas, which can provide a reference for safety controls on offshore platforms. (C)\ 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A Multi-Step Approach Framework for Freight Forecasting of River-Sea Direct Transport without Direct Historical Data

The freight forecasting of river-sea direct transport (RSDT) is crucial for the policy making of river-sea transportation facilities and the decision-making of relevant port and shipping companies. This paper develops a multi-step approach framework for freight volume forecasting of RSDT in the case that direct historical data are not available. First, we collect publicly available shipping data, including ship traffic flow, speed limit of each navigation channel, free-flow running time, channel length, channel capacity, etc. The origin–destination (O–D) matrix estimation method is then used to obtain the matrix of historical freight volumes among all O–D pairs based on these data. Next, the future total freight volumes among these O–D pairs are forecasted by using the gray prediction model, and the sharing rate of RSDT is estimated by using the logit model. The freight volume of RSDT is thus determined. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by forecasting the RSDT freight volume on a shipping route of China

Settlement Characteristic of Warm Permafrost Embankment with Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphons in Daxing’anling Mountains Region

The Xing’anling Mountains are the second largest permafrost region in China. One of the important issues for highways in these regions is how to control the settlement during the operation period to meet the demand of road stability. This paper selects a typical permafrost embankment in the Daxing’anling Mountains permafrost region, presents the finite element models of the embankment, and verifies it using field monitoring data to study the thermal and deformation characteristics within 50 years after construction. Calculation results illustrate that the permafrost under the embankment has degraded significantly during the operation period of the highway and led to serious settlement. To prevent the degradation of permafrost, a series of models with two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCTs) were established to analyze the cooling effect. The contribution of different factors, including install locations, depth, and shapes of the TPCTs, were assessed on their effects on cooling the permafrost and reducing the embankment settlement. Results show that the TPCTs have an excellent cooling effect on the permafrost embankment. However, as the TPCTs change the temperature distribution of the embankment, they will inevitably cause differential settlement. In order to ensure the cooling effect and reduce the differential settlement of the embankment, it is suggested that L-shaped TPCTs should be adopted in the remedial engineering

Study on methanol premixed coupled with EGR to achieve ultra-low emissions in diesel engine

In this paper, an experimental investigation on achieving ultra-low emissions in diesel engine was carried out using intake premixed methanol and EGR technology. The influence of EGR introduction method on combustion and performances were studied comprehensively. The results show that ultra-low NOx (<0.4g/kWh) and PM (<10mg/kWh) emissions can be achieved simultaneously in diesel methanol dual fuel (DMDF) highly premixed low-temperature combustion mode. Compared with low-pressure EGR (LP-EGR), the excess air coefficients under high-pressure EGR (HP-EGR) drops more significantly. At the same EGR rate, the in-cylinder mean temperature and equivalent of mixture are higher under HP-EGR conditions, which results in higher combustion efficiency, lower CO and THC emissions. The maximum brake thermal efficiency of high-pressure EGR is 9.6% higher than that of low-pressure EGR

Experimental study on ultra-low raw emissions in diesel/methanol dual fuel engine based on dual-loop EGR

In this paper, an experimental investigation on achieving ultra-low raw emissions in a diesel/methanol dual fuel engine based on dual-loop EGR was carried out. The effect of dual-loop EGR (High pressure EGR and low pressure EGR) on the combustion, performance and emissions of methanol engine has been studied comprehensively. The results show that ultra-low NOx (<0.4g/kWh) and PM (<10 mg/kWh) emissions can be achieved simultaneously in diesel methanol dual fuel engine with the help of EGR. The combustion phase is delayed with the increase of EGR rate in both EGR modes. However, the methanol equivalence ratio and in cylinder combustion temperature in high pressure EGR mode are significantly higher than those in low pressure EGR mode. Therefore, the CO and THC emissions are obviously lower in high pressure EGR mode than that in low pressure EGR mode. The combustion efficiency and brake thermal efficiency of the engine are 1.9% and 9.6% higher in high pressure EGR mode than those in low pressure EGR mode, respectively

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios