Effects of blood pressure level management on maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with mild to moderate gestational hypertension

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of blood pressure control level on maternal and perinatal outcomesin pregnant women with mild to moderate gestational hypertension (GHp).Material and methods: A total of 344 pregnant women who initially diagnosed as mild to moderate gestational hypertensionwere recruited in this study. They were divided into 4 groups according to the stabilized blood pressure level (BPL)during pregnancy. The clinical parameters and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared among thefour groups. The association between blood pressure levels and relative factors were analyzed using the χ2 test. Multivariatelogistic regression analysis was adopted for risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results: The results showed the prevalence of obesity was significantly associated with blood pressure levels of mild-moderateGHp pregnant women (p = 0.029). The incidence of severe GHp, SPE in group A, group B, and group C were statisticallysignificant (p < 0.001, p = 0.041, respectively). In the patients who used drugs to control BPL, the incidence of severe GHphas a significant association with the initial blood pressure levels (p = 0.004). However, no significant difference was foundin the incidence of sPE, PE + Upro, and SGA (all p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses results showed that thegestational factor BPL was an independent risk factor for the incidence of sGHp. The AMA, primigravida, gestational BPL, andedema were risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia with proteinuria. To the incidence of sPE, gestational BPL is theindependent risk factor. Finally, preeclampsia anamnesis and FGR trend are the high-risk parameters to the incidence of SGA.Conclusions: Timely management and control of blood pressure in pregnant women with mild to moderate GHp werebeneficial to reduce the occurrence of severe GHp and sPE, but the incidence of SGA does not affected

2-(2H-Tetra­zol-5-yl)pyridinium chloride

In the title compound, C6H6N5 +·Cl−, the pyridinium and tetra­zole rings are essentially coplanar. The pyridine N atoms are protonated. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are connected via N—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯N and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into layers that are parallel to the (001) plane. There are two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit which are located on mirror planes

4-(2H-Tetra­zol-5-yl)pyridinium perchlorate

In the cation of the title compound, C6H6N5 +·ClO4 −, the pyridinium and tetra­zole rings form a dihedral angle of 23.6 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link cations and anions into chains extending along the b axis

2-Amino-5-(1H-tetra­zol-5-yl)pyridinium chloride

In the title salt, C6H7N6 +·Cl−, there are two organic cations with similar conformations and two chloride anions in the asymmetric unit. The pyridine and tetra­zole rings are essentially coplanar in each cation, with dihedral angles of 4.94 (15) and 5.41 (14)°. The pyridine N atoms are protonated. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming an infinite sheets parallel to the (101)

Environmental toxicology of marine microplastic pollution

Over the past decade, there have been increasing recognition and concern of the toxicological impacts of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, which have been widely found in various marine environments from estuary to deep oceans. Numerous toxicological studies have been conducted on the impacts of MPs on various marine organisms, especially phytoplankton, zooplankton, bivalves, and fish of different trophic levels. These studies mainly focused on the measurements of MPs bioaccumulation and their resulting biological impacts at molecular, metabolic, biochemical, physiological, and organismic levels. This review examines the various studies conducted over the recent years on the toxicology of MPs in different marine organisms, particularly on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of MPs. The impacts of MPs on marine organisms are diverse, and the complexity of organism physiology as well as MPs physical and chemical properties need to be considered. Future studies should consider the environmental relevance of toxicological research and the development of quantitative tools to model the transport, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of MPs. These are important for the real environmental risk assessments of MPs in the marine environments