MAGAN: Margin Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networks

We propose the Margin Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networks (MAGANs) algorithm, a novel training procedure for GANs to improve stability and performance by using an adaptive hinge loss function. We estimate the appropriate hinge loss margin with the expected energy of the target distribution, and derive principled criteria for when to update the margin. We prove that our method converges to its global optimum under certain assumptions. Evaluated on the task of unsupervised image generation, the proposed training procedure is simple yet robust on a diverse set of data, and achieves qualitative and quantitative improvements compared to the state-of-the-art

Identification of New OPA1 Cleavage Site Reveals that Short Isoforms Regulate Mitochondrial Fusion

OPA1 is a 120kDa large GTPase belonging to the dynamin superfamily. It is the only known mitochondrial inner membrane fusion protein, mediating fusion of the mitochondrial inner membranes following outer membrane fusion. Additionally, OPA1 also regulates cristae morphology and maintains respiratory chain function. OPA1 has two forms—inner-membrane-anchored long forms (l-OPA1) and cleaved inter-membrane-space only short forms (s-OPA1). L-OPA1 are proteolytically processed by two mitochondrial proteases—OMA1 and YME1L, acting at cleavage sites S1 and S2 respectively, to produce s-OPA1. In both mice and human, half of the mRNA splice forms of Opa1 are constitutively processed post translation to yield exclusively s-OPA1. However, the specific function of s-OPA1 in mitochondrial fusion has been debated—under basal conditions, s-OPA1 are needed to maintain optimal fusion activity, but in certain stress conditions, s-OPA1 is dispensable for fusion. By constructing cells in which the Opa1 locus no longer produces transcripts with S2 cleavage sites using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a simplified system to identify the novel YME1L-dependent site S3 that mediates constitutive and complete cleavage of OPA1. We found that S3 site locates within the C-terminal leucine string of Opa1 exon4b, slightly upstream of the well-established S1. We show that mitochondrial morphology is highly sensitive to the ratio of l-OPA1 to s-OPA1, indicating that s-OPA1 fine tunes mitochondrial fusion.</p

Quantum Lego and XP Stabilizer Codes

We apply the recent graphical framework of ''quantum lego'' to XP stabilizer codes where the stabilizer group is generally non-abelian. We show that the idea of operator matching continues to hold for such codes and is sufficient for generating all their XP symmetries provided the resulting code is XP. We provide an efficient classical algorithm for tracking these symmetries under tensor contraction or conjoining. This constitutes a partial extension of the algorithm implied by Gottesman-Knill theorem beyond Pauli stabilizer states and Clifford operations. Because conjoining transformations generate quantum operations that are universal, the XP symmetries obtained from these algorithms do not uniquely identify the resulting tensors in general. Using this extended framework, we provide a novel XP stabilizer code with higher distance and a $[[8,1,2]]$ code with fault-tolerant $T$ gate. For XP regular codes, we also construct a tensor-network-based the maximum likelihood decoder for any i.i.d. single qubit error channel.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Cultivating ‘Jing’ through ‘Li’ : A Study of Zhuxi’s Children and Beginner’s Etiquette Education with a Focus on XiaoXue-Minglun

XiaoXue concentrates on Zhuxi’s thoughts on children and beginner’s education, of which “Li” (禮) is the major method and “Jing” (敬) is the core purpose. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate the educational principle of “cultivating Jing through Li” in the contexts of the “Five Lun” (father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elders and children, and friends) in XiaoXue-Minglun. Therefore, this paper can be regarded as an educational example of the principle of “unity of Li and Jing” in which “Li” is the path and “Jing” is the goal

Seismic damage analysis due to near-fault multipulse ground motion

Near-fault pulse-like ground motion is a significant class of seismic records since it tends to cause more severe damage to structures than ordinary ground motions. However, previous researches mainly focus on single-pulse ground motions. The multipulse ground motions that exist in records receive rare attention. In this study, an analysis procedure is proposed to investigate the effect of multipulse ground motions on structures by integrating finite element analysis and an identification method that features each pulse in the multipulse ground motion satisfying the same evaluation criteria. First, the Arias intensity, wavelet-based cumulative energy distribution, and response spectra of identified non-, single-, and multipulse ground motions are compared. Then, the seismic damage on frame structures, a soil slope, and a concrete dam under non-, single-, and multipulse ground motions are analyzed. Results show that the spectral velocity of multipulse ground motions is significantly greater than those of non- and single-pulse ground motions and potentially contains multiple peaks in the long-period range. Seismic damage evaluation indicates that the maximum interstory drift of frame structures with high fundamental periods under multipulse ground motions is about twice that of nonpulse ground motions. Similar characteristics also exist in the soil slope and the concrete dam. Therefore, multipulse ground motions potentially cause more severe damage to structures compared to non- and single-pulse ground motions. The findings of this study facilitate the recognition of the increased seismic demand imposed by the multipulse ground motion in engineering practices, provide new possibilities for ground motion selection in seismic design validation, and shed new light on seismic hazard and risk analysis in near-fault regions