Towards Constraining Parity-Violations in Gravity with Satellite Gradiometry

Parity violation in gravity, if existed, could have important implications, and it is meaningful to search and test the possible observational effects. Chern-Simons modified gravity serves as a natural model for gravitational parity-violations. Especially, considering extensions to Einstein-Hilbert action up to second order curvature terms, it is known that theories of gravitational parity-violation will reduce to the dynamical Chern-Simons gravity. In this letter, we outline the theoretical principles of testing the dynamical Chern-Simons gravity with orbiting gravity gradiometers, which could be naturally incorporated into future satellite gravity missions. The secular gravity gradient signals, due to the Mashhoon-Theiss (anomaly) effect, in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity are worked out, which can improve the constraint of the corresponding Chern-Simons length scale $\xi^{\frac{1}{4}}_{cs}$ obtained from such measurement scheme. For orbiting superconducting gradiometers or gradiometers with optical readout, a bound $\xi^{\frac{1}{4}}_{cs}\leq 10^6 \ km$ (or even better) could in principle be obtained, which will be at least 2 orders of magnitude stronger than the current one based on the observations from the GP-B mission and the LAGEOS I, II satellites.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1606.0818

Decentralized Exchange and Factor Payments: A Multiple-Matching Approach

The emergence of fiat money is studied in an environment in which exchange is organized around trading posts where many producers and shoppers are matched in a dynamic monopolistically competitive framework. Each household consumes a bundle of commodities and has a preference for consumption variety. Within this multiple matching structure we determine the endogenous organization of exchange between firms and shoppers and the means of factor payment (remuneration) as well as the price at which these trades occur. Although each household contacts many sellers, the specialization of tastes implies that the variety of the consumption basket under barter mediated exchange is sparser than that obtained under monetary exchange. We verify that the endogenous linkage of factor payments with the medium of exchange can lead to a monetary equilibrium outcome where only fiat money trades for goods, an ex-ante feature of cash-in-advance models. We also examine the long-run effects of money growth on the equilibrium pattern of exchange. A primary finding, consistent with documented hyperinflationary episodes, is that a sufficiently rapid expansion of money supply and inflation leads to the gradual emergence of barter. Under these circumstances sellers will accept both goods and cash payments whereas workers receive part of their remuneration in goods.Variety Preference, Search, Trading Post, Monetary vs. Barter Equilibrium

Credit Mismatch and Breakdown

This paper studies the phenomenon of mismatch in a decentralized credit market where borrowers and lenders must engage in costly search to establish credit relationships. Our dynamic general equilibrium framework integrates incentive based informational frictions with a matching process highlighted by (i) borrowers’ endogenous market entry and exit decision (entry frictions) and (ii) time and resource costs necessary to locate credit opportunities (search frictions). A key feature of the incentive compatible loan contract negotiated between borrowers and lenders is the interaction of informational frictions (in the form of moral hazard) with entry and search frictions. We find that the removal of entry barriers can eliminate information-based equilibrium credit rationing. More generally, entry and incentive frictions are important in understanding the extent of credit rationing, while entry and search frictions are important for understanding credit market breakdown.Entry, Moral Hazard, Credit Rationing, Credit Mismatch, Credit-Market Breakdown

Inflation and economic activity in a multiple matching model of money

This paper investigates the relationship between money growth, inflation, and productive activity in a general equilibrium model where search frictions motivate the transactions role of money. The use of a multiple matching technique, where search frictions are captured by limited consumption variety, allows us to study price determination in a search-theoretic environment with divisible money and goods. We find that in such a setting, a positive feedback between work and shopping effort decisions create a channel by which inflation can positively influence real activity. This feature also creates the possibility of multiple steady state equilibria. We also analyze the impact of inflation on capital accumulation, the role search frictions play in determining the extent to which inflation distorts relative prices, and the effect of money growth on firm entry on trade friction. In doing so, we demonstrate that a multiple matching model of money is amendable to study a wide range of traditional issues in monetary theory.Inflation (Finance) ; Money ; Econometric models

Adaptive feedforward control design for gust loads alleviation and LCO suppression

An adaptive feedforward controller is designed for gust loads alleviation and limit cycle oscillations suppression. Two sets of basis functions, based on the finite impulse response and modified finite impulse response approaches, are investigated to design the controller for gust loads alleviation. Limit cycle oscillations suppression is shown by using the modified finite impulse response controller. Worst case gust search is performed by using a nonlinear technique of model reduction to speed up the costs of calculations. Both the “one–minus–cosine” and Von Kármán continuous turbulence gusts of different intensities were generated to examine the performance of controllers. The responses of these two types of gust can be reduced effectively by finite impulse response controller in the whole process, while the modified finite impulse response controller is found to increase the loads during the initial transient response. The above two types of gust induced limit cycle oscillations were used to test the modified finite impulse response controller. Results show that it can suppress limit cycle oscillations to some exten

Adaptive feedforward control design for gust loads alleviation and LCO suppression

An adaptive feedforward controller is designed for gust loads alleviation and limit cycle oscillations suppression. Two sets of basis functions, based on the finite impulse response and modified finite impulse response approaches, are investigated to design the controller for gust loads alleviation. Limit cycle oscillations suppression is shown by using the modified finite impulse response controller. Worst case gust search is performed by using a nonlinear technique of model reduction to speed up the costs of calculations. Both the “one–minus–cosine” and Von Kármán continuous turbulence gusts of different intensities were generated to examine the performance of controllers. The responses of these two types of gust can be reduced effectively by finite impulse response controller in the whole process, while the modified finite impulse response controller is found to increase the loads during the initial transient response. The above two types of gust induced limit cycle oscillations were used to test the modified finite impulse response controller. Results show that it can suppress limit cycle oscillations to some exten

Analytic solution of charge density of single wall carbon nanotube in conditions of field electron emission

We derived the analytic solution of induced electrostatic potential along single wall carbon nanotubes. Under the hypothesis of constant density of states in the charge-neutral level, we are able to obtain the linear density of excess charge in an external field parallel to the tube axis.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Rank-frequency relation for Chinese characters

We show that the Zipf's law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for sufficiently short texts (few thousand different characters). The scenario of its validity is similar to the Zipf's law for words in short English texts. For long Chinese texts (or for mixtures of short Chinese texts), rank-frequency relations for Chinese characters display a two-layer, hierarchic structure that combines a Zipfian power-law regime for frequent characters (first layer) with an exponential-like regime for less frequent characters (second layer). For these two layers we provide different (though related) theoretical descriptions that include the range of low-frequency characters (hapax legomena). The comparative analysis of rank-frequency relations for Chinese characters versus English words illustrates the extent to which the characters play for Chinese writers the same role as the words for those writing within alphabetical systems.Comment: To appear in European Physical Journal B (EPJ B), 2014 (22 pages, 7 figures