Development of a new marker system for identifying the complex members of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) play an important role in determining the bread-making quality of bread wheat. However, LMW-GSs display high polymorphic protein complexes encoded by multiple genes, and elucidating the complex LMW-GS gene family in bread wheat remains challenging. In the present study, using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with conserved primers and high-resolution capillary electrophoresis, we developed a new molecular marker system for identifying LMW-GS gene family members. Based on sequence alignment of 13 LMW-GS genes previously identified in the Chinese bread wheat variety Xiaoyan 54 and other genes available in GenBank, PCR primers were developed and assigned to conserved sequences spanning the length polymorphism regions of LMW-GS genes. After PCR amplification, 17 DNA fragments in Xiaoyan 54 were detected using capillary electrophoresis. In total, 13 fragments were identical to previously identified LMW-GS genes, and the other 4 were derived from unique LMW-GS genes by sequencing. This marker system was also used to identify LMW-GS genes in Chinese Spring and its group 1 nulli–tetrasomic lines. Among the 17 detected DNA fragments, 4 were located on chromosome 1A, 5 on 1B, and 8 on 1D. The results suggest that this marker system is useful for large-scale identification of LMW-GS genes in bread wheat varieties, and for the selection of desirable LMW-GS genes to improve the bread-making quality in wheat molecular breeding programmes

Application of grey correlation degree algorithm in the evaluation system of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship in applied undergraduate institutions

Innovation and entrepreneurship is the theme of today’s era and are powerful engine to promote a new round of high-quality development of the national economy. The level of entrepreneurial education has become a key indicator for evaluating the level of operation of applied undergraduate institutions and the quality of comprehensive education. This paper focuses on applying the gray correlation algorithm in the evaluation system of college students’ entrepreneurial activities based on innovation in applied undergraduate institutions. Firstly, we understand the development process and principle of the gray correlation algorithm, establish the gray correlation algorithm model, collect the index data of many applied undergraduate institutions(primary index: 5, secondary index: 21) and analyze them. The analysis shows that the correlation degree of the quality of education in the subject of college students in 8 universities is E (0.3178) > G (0.240) > F (0.1409) > H (0.04412) > D (0.0398) > B (0.390) > C (0.0389) > A (0.0263), and the analysis results are helpful for us to grasp the main contradiction of the problem and improve the quality of education in the subject. The main contradiction of the problem, improve students’ entrepreneurial ability based on innovation and contribute to the improvement of Chinese international economic status