5,498 research outputs found
Low-Dose CT Using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for 20 Speedup
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an important topic in the field of
radiology over the past decades. LDCT reduces ionizing radiation-induced
patient health risks but it also results in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
and a potential compromise in the diagnostic performance. In this paper, to
improve the LDCT denoising performance, we introduce the conditional denoising
diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) and show encouraging results with a high
computational efficiency. Specifically, given the high sampling cost of the
original DDPM model, we adapt the fast ordinary differential equation (ODE)
solver for a much-improved sampling efficiency. The experiments show that the
accelerated DDPM can achieve 20x speedup without compromising image quality
Sub-volume-based Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Cone-beam CT Reconstruction from Incomplete Data
Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a new approach in the field of computed
tomography (CT) with many applicaitons. A primary example is CT reconstruction
from incomplete data, such as sparse-view image reconstruction. However,
applying DL to sparse-view cone-beam CT (CBCT) remains challenging. Many models
learn the mapping from sparse-view CT images to the ground truth but often fail
to achieve satisfactory performance. Incorporating sinogram data and performing
dual-domain reconstruction improve image quality with artifact suppression, but
a straightforward 3D implementation requires storing an entire 3D sinogram in
memory and many parameters of dual-domain networks. This remains a major
challenge, limiting further research, development and applications. In this
paper, we propose a sub-volume-based 3D denoising diffusion probabilistic model
(DDPM) for CBCT image reconstruction from down-sampled data. Our DDPM network,
trained on data cubes extracted from paired fully sampled sinograms and
down-sampled sinograms, is employed to inpaint down-sampled sinograms. Our
method divides the entire sinogram into overlapping cubes and processes them in
parallel on multiple GPUs, successfully overcoming the memory limitation.
Experimental results demonstrate that our approach effectively suppresses
few-view artifacts while preserving textural details faithfully
Is there relationship between air quality and China’s stock market? Evidence from industrial heterogeneity
This study investigates the unsymmetrical effect from air quality
(AQ) to stock return (SR) in China’s different industries.
Depending on quantile-on-quantile (QQ) test, it draws the important
results in following aspects. For tourism, iron and steel, and
automobile industries, their coefficient values between AQ and SR
turn into negative from positive with deteriorating AQ.
Conversely, the coefficients in the wind power, hydro power, thermal
power, environmental protection, and medical equipment
industries turn positive from negative. Some contributions are
thus drawn when compared to existing literatures. Government
industrial policy is regarded as an important supplement in
explaining mechanism from AQ to SR, except investor sentiment.
Industrial heterogeneity is seriously treated in this paper due to
different industries have different responses to AQ. Besides, the
QQ test is able to capture nexus between AQ and SR in specific
quantiles through embedding non-parametric estimation into
conventional quantile approach. Therefore, investors should avoid
biased trading decisions under different air qualities. Meanwhile,
government intervention is paid special attention when appearing
serious air pollution
Cross-Edge Orchestration of Serverless Functions with Probabilistic Caching
Serverless edge computing adopts an event-based paradigm that provides
back-end services on an as-used basis, resulting in efficient resource
utilization. To improve the end-to-end latency and revenue, service providers
need to optimize the number and placement of serverless containers while
considering the system cost incurred by the provisioning. The particular reason
for this circumstance is that frequently creating and destroying containers not
only increases the system cost but also degrades the time responsiveness due to
the cold-start process. Function caching is a common approach to mitigate the
coldstart issue. However, function caching requires extra hardware resources
and hence incurs extra system costs. Furthermore, the dynamic and bursty nature
of serverless invocations remains an under-explored area. Hence, it is vitally
important for service providers to conduct a context-aware request distribution
and container caching policy for serverless edge computing. In this paper, we
study the request distribution and container caching problem in serverless edge
computing. We prove the proposed problem is NP-hard and hence difficult to find
a global optimal solution. We jointly consider the distributed and resource
constrained nature of edge computing and propose an optimized request
distribution algorithm that adapts to the dynamics of serverless invocations
with a theoretical performance guarantee. Also, we propose a context-aware
probabilistic caching policy that incorporates a number of characteristics of
serverless invocations. Via simulation and implementation results, we
demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm by outperforming existing
caching policies in terms of the overall system cost and cold-start frequency
by up to 62.1% and 69.1%, respectively
Bis(2,6-dihydroxybenzoato-κ2 O 1 ,O 1′)(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)gadolinium(III)
In the mononuclear title complex, [Gd(C7H5O3)2(NO3)(C12H8N2)2], the Gd atom is in a pseudo-bicapped square-antiprismatic geometry formed by four N atoms from two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and by six O atoms, four from two 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB) ligands and the other two from a nitrate anion. π–π stacking interactions between phen–DHB [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5334 (18) and 3.8414 (16) Å] and phen–phen [face-to-face separation = 3.4307 (17) Å] ligands of adjacent complex molecules stabilize the crystal structure. Intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the DHB ligands
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