160 research outputs found
Improved mechanical and electrical properties in electrospun polyimide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanofibrous composites
Highly aligned polyimide (PI) and PI/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PI/MWCNTs) nanofibrous composites by incorporating poly(ethylene oxide) as the dispersing medium were fabricated using electrospinning technique. The morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous composites were investigated. Scanning electron microscope showed that the functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) were well dispersed and oriented along the nanofiber axis. Analysis of electrical properties indicated a remarkable improvement on the alternating current conductivity by introduction of the aligned f-MWCNTs. Besides, with addition of 3 vol.% f-MWCNTs, the obvious enhancement of tensile modulus and strength was achieved. Thus, the electrospun PI/MWCNTs nanofibrous composites have great potential applications in multifunctional engineering materials
Can We `Feel' the Temperature of Knowledge? Modelling Scientific Popularity Dynamics via Thermodynamics
Just like everything in the nature, scientific topics flourish and perish.
While existing literature well captures article's life-cycle via citation
patterns, little is known about how scientific popularity and impact evolves
for a specific topic. It would be most intuitive if we could `feel' topic's
activity just as we perceive the weather by temperature. Here, we conceive
knowledge temperature to quantify topic overall popularity and impact through
citation network dynamics. Knowledge temperature includes 2 parts. One part
depicts lasting impact by assessing knowledge accumulation with an analogy
between topic evolution and isobaric expansion. The other part gauges temporal
changes in knowledge structure, an embodiment of short-term popularity, through
the rate of entropy change with internal energy, 2 thermodynamic variables
approximated via node degree and edge number. Our analysis of representative
topics with size ranging from 1000 to over 30000 articles reveals that the key
to flourishing is topics' ability in accumulating useful information for future
knowledge generation. Topics particularly experience temperature surges when
their knowledge structure is altered by influential articles. The spike is
especially obvious when there appears a single non-trivial novel research focus
or merging in topic structure. Overall, knowledge temperature manifests topics'
distinct evolutionary cycles
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