63 research outputs found
Context-aware Sequential Recommendation
Since sequential information plays an important role in modeling user
behaviors, various sequential recommendation methods have been proposed.
Methods based on Markov assumption are widely-used, but independently combine
several most recent components. Recently, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) based
methods have been successfully applied in several sequential modeling tasks.
However, for real-world applications, these methods have difficulty in modeling
the contextual information, which has been proved to be very important for
behavior modeling. In this paper, we propose a novel model, named Context-Aware
Recurrent Neural Networks (CA-RNN). Instead of using the constant input matrix
and transition matrix in conventional RNN models, CA-RNN employs adaptive
context-specific input matrices and adaptive context-specific transition
matrices. The adaptive context-specific input matrices capture external
situations where user behaviors happen, such as time, location, weather and so
on. And the adaptive context-specific transition matrices capture how lengths
of time intervals between adjacent behaviors in historical sequences affect the
transition of global sequential features. Experimental results show that the
proposed CA-RNN model yields significant improvements over state-of-the-art
sequential recommendation methods and context-aware recommendation methods on
two public datasets, i.e., the Taobao dataset and the Movielens-1M dataset.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 2016, to apea
Experimental and numerical investigation on the influence of the clocking position on hydraulic performance of a centrifugal pump with guide vane
The investigation of the clocking effect mainly concentrates on turbines and compressors, but seldom in centrifugal pumps. In this paper, using numerical simulation and experiment, the influence of the clocking effect on the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump with guide vane is studied. Numerical simulations with SST k-w turbulence model were applied to obtain the inner flow field of the test pump. The numerical simulations coincide with the test result, which indicates the accurate of the utilized numerical approach. The results show the clocking positions have an important effect on hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump with guide vane. The pump demonstrates the higher efficiency and head as the tongue locate between two guide vanes. The hydraulic performance of the volute is a major factor impacting the performance of the centrifugal pump with different clocking positions. However, the clocking position has almost no effect on the performances of the impeller and diffuser. When the guide vane is close to the volute tongue, flow field of volute is more non-uniform, and the energy loss in volute appears to be larger. The results and the method of this paper can provide theoretical reference for the design and installation of guide vane in centrifugal pump
NormBank: A Knowledge Bank of Situational Social Norms
We present NormBank, a knowledge bank of 155k situational norms. This
resource is designed to ground flexible normative reasoning for interactive,
assistive, and collaborative AI systems. Unlike prior commonsense resources,
NormBank grounds each inference within a multivalent sociocultural frame, which
includes the setting (e.g., restaurant), the agents' contingent roles (waiter,
customer), their attributes (age, gender), and other physical, social, and
cultural constraints (e.g., the temperature or the country of operation). In
total, NormBank contains 63k unique constraints from a taxonomy that we
introduce and iteratively refine here. Constraints then apply in different
combinations to frame social norms. Under these manipulations, norms are
non-monotonic - one can cancel an inference by updating its frame even
slightly. Still, we find evidence that neural models can help reliably extend
the scope and coverage of NormBank. We further demonstrate the utility of this
resource with a series of transfer experiments
DyVal: Dynamic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Reasoning Tasks
Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various
evaluation benchmarks. However, concerns are raised about potential data
contamination in their considerable volume of training corpus. Moreover, the
static nature and fixed complexity of current benchmarks may inadequately gauge
the advancing capabilities of LLMs. In this paper, we introduce DyVal, a
general and flexible protocol for dynamic evaluation of LLMs. Based on our
framework, we build graph-informed DyVal by leveraging the structural advantage
of directed acyclic graphs to dynamically generate evaluation samples with
controllable complexities. DyVal generates challenging evaluation sets on
reasoning tasks including mathematics, logical reasoning, and algorithm
problems. We evaluate various LLMs ranging from Flan-T5-large to GPT-3.5-Turbo
and GPT-4. Experiments show that LLMs perform worse in DyVal-generated
evaluation samples with different complexities, highlighting the significance
of dynamic evaluation. We also analyze the failure cases and results of
different prompting methods. Moreover, DyVal-generated samples are not only
evaluation sets, but also helpful data for fine-tuning to improve the
performance of LLMs on existing benchmarks. We hope that DyVal can shed light
on future evaluation research of LLMs. Code is available at:
https://github.com/microsoft/promptbench.Comment: ICLR 2024 spotlight; 38 pages; code is at aka.ms/dyva
Who buys new energy vehicles in china? Assessing social-psychological predictors of purchasing awareness, intention, and policy
This paper investigates the salience of social-psychological factors in explaining why drivers purchase (or fail to purchase) New Energy Vehicles (NEVs)—including hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles—in China. A questionnaire measuring six dimensions (including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, personal norms, low-carbon awareness and policy) was distributed in Tianjin, where aggressive policy incentives for NEVs exist yet adoption rates remain low. Correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analyses are applied data collected through 811 valid questionnaires. We present three main findings. First, there is an “awareness-behavior gap” whereby low-carbon awareness has a moderating effect on purchasing behavior via psychological factors. Second, subjective norms has a stronger influence on intention to purchase New Energy Vehicles than other social-psychological factors. Third, acceptability of government policies has positive significant impact on adoption of New Energy Vehicles, which can provide reference potential template for other countries whose market for New Energy Vehicles is also in an early stage
Decoding Susceptibility: Modeling Misbelief to Misinformation Through a Computational Approach
Susceptibility to misinformation describes the degree of belief in
unverifiable claims, a latent aspect of individuals' mental processes that is
not observable. Existing susceptibility studies heavily rely on self-reported
beliefs, which can be subject to bias, expensive to collect, and challenging to
scale for downstream applications. To address these limitations, in this work,
we propose a computational approach to model users' latent susceptibility
levels. As shown in previous research, susceptibility is influenced by various
factors (e.g., demographic factors, political ideology), and directly
influences people's reposting behavior on social media. To represent the
underlying mental process, our susceptibility modeling incorporates these
factors as inputs, guided by the supervision of people's sharing behavior.
Using COVID-19 as a testbed domain, our experiments demonstrate a significant
alignment between the susceptibility scores estimated by our computational
modeling and human judgments, confirming the effectiveness of this latent
modeling approach. Furthermore, we apply our model to annotate susceptibility
scores on a large-scale dataset and analyze the relationships between
susceptibility with various factors. Our analysis reveals that political
leanings and psychological factors exhibit varying degrees of association with
susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation
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