190 research outputs found
DSFNet: Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture Combined Dual-GCN and Stand-alone Self-attention by Fast Normalized Fusion for Polyps Segmentation
In the past few decades, deep learning technology has been widely used in
medical image segmentation and has made significant breakthroughs in the fields
of liver and liver tumor segmentation, brain and brain tumor segmentation,
video disc segmentation, heart image segmentation, and so on. However, the
segmentation of polyps is still a challenging task since the surface of the
polyps is flat and the color is very similar to that of surrounding tissues.
Thus, It leads to the problems of the unclear boundary between polyps and
surrounding mucosa, local overexposure, and bright spot reflection. To counter
this problem, this paper presents a novel U-shaped network, namely DSFNet,
which effectively combines the advantages of Dual-GCN and self-attention
mechanisms. First, we introduce a feature enhancement block module based on
Dual-GCN module as an attention mechanism to enhance the feature extraction of
local spatial and structural information with fine granularity. Second, the
stand-alone self-attention module is designed to enhance the integration
ability of the decoding stage model to global information. Finally, the Fast
Normalized Fusion method with trainable weights is used to efficiently fuse the
corresponding three feature graphs in encoding, bottleneck, and decoding
blocks, thus promoting information transmission and reducing the semantic gap
between encoder and decoder. Our model is tested on two public datasets
including Endoscene and Kvasir-SEG and compared with other state-of-the-art
models. Experimental results show that the proposed model surpasses other
competitors in many indicators, such as Dice, MAE, and IoU. In the meantime,
ablation studies are also conducted to verify the efficacy and effectiveness of
each module. Qualitative and quantitative analysis indicates that the proposed
model has great clinical significance.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
Simulation of Arbitrary Level Contrast Dose in MRI Using an Iterative Global Transformer Model
Deep learning (DL) based contrast dose reduction and elimination in MRI
imaging is gaining traction, given the detrimental effects of Gadolinium-based
Contrast Agents (GBCAs). These DL algorithms are however limited by the
availability of high quality low dose datasets. Additionally, different types
of GBCAs and pathologies require different dose levels for the DL algorithms to
work reliably. In this work, we formulate a novel transformer (Gformer) based
iterative modelling approach for the synthesis of images with arbitrary
contrast enhancement that corresponds to different dose levels. The proposed
Gformer incorporates a sub-sampling based attention mechanism and a rotational
shift module that captures the various contrast related features. Quantitative
evaluation indicates that the proposed model performs better than other
state-of-the-art methods. We further perform quantitative evaluation on
downstream tasks such as dose reduction and tumor segmentation to demonstrate
the clinical utility.Comment: Accepted in MICCAI 202
SQ-Swin: a Pretrained Siamese Quadratic Swin Transformer for Lettuce Browning Prediction
Packaged fresh-cut lettuce is widely consumed as a major component of
vegetable salad owing to its high nutrition, freshness, and convenience.
However, enzymatic browning discoloration on lettuce cut edges significantly
reduces product quality and shelf life. While there are many research and
breeding efforts underway to minimize browning, the progress is hindered by the
lack of a rapid and reliable methodology to evaluate browning. Current methods
to identify and quantify browning are either too subjective, labor intensive,
or inaccurate. In this paper, we report a deep learning model for lettuce
browning prediction. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first-of-its-kind
on deep learning for lettuce browning prediction using a pretrained Siamese
Quadratic Swin (SQ-Swin) transformer with several highlights. First, our model
includes quadratic features in the transformer model which is more powerful to
incorporate real-world representations than the linear transformer. Second, a
multi-scale training strategy is proposed to augment the data and explore more
of the inherent self-similarity of the lettuce images. Third, the proposed
model uses a siamese architecture which learns the inter-relations among the
limited training samples. Fourth, the model is pretrained on the ImageNet and
then trained with the reptile meta-learning algorithm to learn higher-order
gradients than a regular one. Experiment results on the fresh-cut lettuce
datasets show that the proposed SQ-Swin outperforms the traditional methods and
other deep learning-based backbones
Clinical benefits of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundThe management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with oral anticoagulants (OAC) is generally recommended to reduce the risk of stroke. However, the decision to prescribe these medications for patients with AF and dementia remains controversial.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies were conducted. The search encompassed PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception until May 1st, 2023, with language limited to English. Eligible studies included comparisons between exposure to OAC vs. non-OAC in the AF population with dementia or cognitive impairment. Studies that compared the effects of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and vitamin-K antagonists were also included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke and major bleeding. This study was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42023420678).ResultsA total of five studies (Nâ=â21,962 patients) met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 4 years. Meta-analysis demonstrated that OAC treatment was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in AF patients with dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.68 to 0.92, compared to non-OAC treatment. No statistical differences were observed in the risk of major bleeding (HRâ=â1.12, 95% CI: 0.88â1.42) or ischemic stroke (HRâ=â0.77, 95% CI: 0.58â1.00). Three studies reported comparisons between DOAC and warfarin; however, pooled analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity.ConclusionThe use of OACs in individuals diagnosed with both AF and dementia holds the potential to reduce all-cause mortality rates, thereby improving the overall clinical prognosis within this specific population.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023420678, PROSPERO identifier, CRD42023420678
LoMAE: Low-level Vision Masked Autoencoders for Low-dose CT Denoising
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) offers reduced X-ray radiation exposure
but at the cost of compromised image quality, characterized by increased noise
and artifacts. Recently, transformer models emerged as a promising avenue to
enhance LDCT image quality. However, the success of such models relies on a
large amount of paired noisy and clean images, which are often scarce in
clinical settings. In the fields of computer vision and natural language
processing, masked autoencoders (MAE) have been recognized as an effective
label-free self-pretraining method for transformers, due to their exceptional
feature representation ability. However, the original pretraining and
fine-tuning design fails to work in low-level vision tasks like denoising. In
response to this challenge, we redesign the classical encoder-decoder learning
model and facilitate a simple yet effective low-level vision MAE, referred to
as LoMAE, tailored to address the LDCT denoising problem. Moreover, we
introduce an MAE-GradCAM method to shed light on the latent learning mechanisms
of the MAE/LoMAE. Additionally, we explore the LoMAE's robustness and
generability across a variety of noise levels. Experiments results show that
the proposed LoMAE can enhance the transformer's denoising performance and
greatly relieve the dependence on the ground truth clean data. It also
demonstrates remarkable robustness and generalizability over a spectrum of
noise levels
An archetypal determination of mobile cloud computing for emergency applications using decision tree algorithm.
Numerous users are experiencing unsafe communications due to the growth of big network mediums, where no node communication is detected in emergency scenarios. Many people find it difficult to communicate in emergency situations as a result of such communications. In this paper, a mobile cloud computing procedure is implemented in the suggested technique in order to prevent such circumstances, and to make the data transmission process more effective. An analytical framework that addresses five significant minimization and maximization objective functions is used to develop the projected model. Additionally, all mobile cloud computing nodes are designed with strong security, ensuring that all the resources are allocated appropriately. In order to isolate all the active functions, the analytical framework is coupled with a machine learning method known as Decision Tree. The suggested approach benefits society because all cloud nodes can extend their assistance in times of need at an affordable operating and maintenance cost. The efficacy of the proposed approach is tested in five scenarios, and the results of each scenario show that it is significantly more effective than current case studies on an average of 86%
IonâSpecific Oil Repellency of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Water: Molecular Insights into the Hydrophilicity of Charged Surfaces
Surface wetting on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), prepared by alternating deposition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), was investigated mainly in waterâsolidâoil systems. The surfaceâwetting behavior of asâprepared PEMs was well correlated to the molecular structures of the uncompensated ionic groups on the PEMs as revealed by sum frequency generation vibrational and Xâray photoelectron spectroscopies. The orientation change of the benzenesulfonate groups on the PSSâcapped surfaces causes poor water wetting in oil or air and negligible oil wetting in water, while the orientation change of the quaternized pyrrolidine rings on the PDDAâcapped surfaces hardly affects their wetting behavior. The underwater oil repellency of PSSâcapped PEMs was successfully harnessed to manufacture highly efficient filters for oilâwater separation at high flux.Wet surfaces: Liquid wetting on charged surfaces is well correlated with the molecular nature of surface ionic groups. The orientation change of surface ionic groups either hardly affects water wetting if their configuration is isotropic, or markedly transforms poor water wetting in oil to poor water deâwetting in water if their configuration is anisotropic, thus leading to excellent underwater oil repellency.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111271/1/anie_201411992_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111271/2/4851_ftp.pd
Topological Microlaser with A non-Hermitian Topological Bulk
Bulk-edge correspondence, with quantized bulk topology leading to protected
edge states, is a hallmark of topological states of matter and has been
experimentally observed in electronic, atomic, photonic, and many other
systems. While bulk-edge correspondence has been extensively studied in
Hermitian systems, a non-Hermitian bulk could drastically modify the Hermitian
topological band theory due to the interplay between non-Hermiticity and
topology; and its effect on bulk-edge correspondence is still an ongoing
pursuit. Importantly, including non-Hermicity can significantly expand the
horizon of topological states of matter and lead to a plethora of unique
properties and device applications, an example of which is a topological laser.
However, the bulk topology, and thereby the bulk-edge correspondence, in
existing topological edge-mode lasers is not well defined. Here, we propose and
experimentally probe topological edge-mode lasing with a well-defined
non-Hermitian bulk topology in a one-dimensional (1D) array of coupled ring
resonators. By modeling the Hamiltonian with an additional degree of freedom
(referred to as synthetic dimension), our 1D structure is equivalent to a 2D
non-Hermitian Chern insulator with precise mapping. Our work may open a new
pathway for probing non-Hermitian topological effects and exploring
non-Hermitian topological device applications.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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