Change Profiles and Functional Targets of MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Obesity

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert an essential contribution to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the differences of miRNAs in the presence and absence of T2DM in patients with obesity, as well as before and after bariatric surgery in T2DM patients with obesity. Characterization of the common changes in both was further analyzed. Methods We enrolled 15 patients with obesity but without T2DM and 15 patients with both obesity and T2DM. Their preoperative clinical data and serum samples were collected, as well as 1 month after bariatric surgery. The serum samples were analyzed by miRNA sequencing, and the miRNAs profiles and target genes characteristics were compared. Results Patients with T2DM had 16 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated miRNAs compared to patients without T2DM. Improvement in metabolic metrics after bariatric surgery of T2DM patients with obesity was correlated with changes in miRNAs, as evidenced by the upregulation of 20 miRNAs and the downregulation of 30 miRNAs. Analysis of the two miRNAs profiles identified seven intersecting miRNAs that showed opposite changes. The target genes of these seven miRNAs were substantially enriched in terms or pathways associated with T2DM. Conclusion We determined the expression profiles of miRNAs in the obese population, with and without diabetes, before and after bariatric surgery. The miRNAs that intersected in the two comparisons were discovered. Both the miRNAs discovered and their target genes were closely associated with T2DM, demonstrating that they might be potential targets for the regulation of T2DM

Weight loss surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea with obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is causedby complete or partial obstruction of the upper airwayresulting in repeated episodes of interrupted or shallowbreaths. OSA is associated with significant morbidity andmortality. The prevalence is estimated to range from 3%to 7% in the general population but may be much higher.Several studies show that weight loss or bariatric surgerymay have a role in treating OSA. The aim of this systematicreview is to assess the safety and efficacy of randomisedcontrolled trials (RCTs) of weight loss surgery for adultswith OSA and comorbid obesity.Methods and analysis A search of the Cochrane CentralRegister of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE and twomajor Chinese biomedical databases will be performedto identify related trials published as of October 2018.This study will include RCTs, comparing different typesof weight loss surgery for OSA with obesity or weightloss surgery for OSA with obesity with other upper airwaysurgeries. The primary outcomes that will be measuredare apnoea–hypopnoea index, excess weight loss andin-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes willinclude duration of hospital stay, neck circumference,reoperation, waist circumference, body mass index,Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, overt complications(eg, gastric fistula, bleeding, delayed gastric emptying,wound infection), quality of life, quality of sleep and/orfunctionality. The systematic review will be conductedaccording to the recommendations as outlined by theCochrane collaboration.Ethics and dissemination The systematic review andmeta-analysis will include published data available onlineand thus ethics approval will not be required. The findingswill be disseminated and published in a peer-reviewedjournal. Review updates will be conducted if there isnew evidence that may cause any change in reviewconclusions. Any changes to the study protocol will beupdated in the PROSPERO trial registry accordingly

Does the use of hernia mesh in surgical inguinal hernia repairs cause male infertility? A systematic review and descriptive analysis

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the available clinical trials examining male infertility after inguinal hernias were repaired using mesh procedures. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Medicine Database were investigated. The Jada score was used to evaluate the quality of the studies, “Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence” was used to assess the level of the trials, and descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the studies. Results Twenty nine related trials with a total of 36,552 patients were investigated, including seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 616 patients and 10 clinical trials (1230 patients) with mesh or non-mesh repairs. The Jada score showed that there were six high quality RCTs and one low quality RCT. Levels of evidence determined from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine further demonstrated that those six high quality RCTs also had high levels of evidence. It was found that serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels declined in the laparoscopic group compared to the open group; however, the testicular volume only slightly increased without statistical significance. Testicular and sexual functions remained unchanged after both laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) and totally extra-peritoneal repair (TEP). We also compared the different meshes used post-surgeries. VyproII/Timesh lightweight mesh had a diminished effect on sperm motility compared to Marlex heavyweight mesh after a one-year follow-up, but there was no effect after 3 years. Additionally, various open hernia repair procedures (Lichtenstein, mesh plug method, posterior pre-peritoneal mesh repair, and anterior tension-free repair) did not cause infertility. Conclusions This systematic review suggests that hernia repair with mesh either in an open or a laparoscopic procedure has no significant effect on male fertility