11,800 research outputs found
Charged Scalar Perturbations around Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger Black Holes
We examine the stability of the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) black
hole under charged scalar perturbations. We find that different from the
neutral scalar field perturbations, only two numerical methods, such as the
continued fraction method and the asymptotic iteration method, can keep high
efficiency and accuracy requirements in the frequency domain computations. The
comparisons of the efficiency between these two methods have also been done.
Employing the appropriate numerical method, we show that the GHS black hole is
always stable against charged scalar perturbations. This is different from the
result obtained in the de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter black holes. Furthermore we
argue that in the GHS black hole background there is no amplification of the
incident charged scalar wave to cause the superradiance, so that the
superradiant instability cannot exist in this spacetime.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Myopic Versus Farsighted Behaviors in a Low-Carbon Supply Chain with Reference Emission Effects
The increased carbon emissions cause relatively climate deterioration and attract more attention of governments, consumers, and enterprises to the low-carbon manufacturing. This paper considers a dynamic supply chain, which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer, in the presence of the cap-and-trade regulation and the consumers’ reference emission effects. To investigate the manufacturer’s behavior choice and its impacts on the emission reduction and pricing strategies together with the profits of both the channel members, we develop a Stackelberg differential game model in which the manufacturer acts in both myopic and farsighted manners. By comparing the equilibrium strategies, it can be found that the farsighted manufacturer always prefers to keep a lower level of emission reduction. When the emission permit price is relatively high, the wholesale/retail price is lower if the manufacturer is myopic and hence benefits consumers. In addition, there exists a dilemma that the manufacturer is willing to act in a farsighted manner but the retailer looks forward to a partnership with the myopic manufacturer. For a relatively high price of emission permit, adopting myopic strategies results in a better performance of the whole supply chain
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