Bending Stress Analysis of Laminated Foldable Touch Panel

AbstractThe touch panel technology has been developed in recent years, and the foldable touch panel is one of the newly attractive characteristics. This article focuses on the bending stress analysis of foldable touch panel, composed of plastic substrate PET, adhesive layer, plastic layer PI, organic layer and conductive layer ITO to form a seven-layer laminated structure. By applying four-point bending, the stress distribution of the touch panel under different radius of curvature was analyzed. The results show that the maximum von Mises stress occurred in the ITO layer and the maximum von Mises stress increased from 0.497GPa to 1.242GPa with decreasing radius of curvature. The region near the center of the touch panel has higher von Mises stress, and the relation between the radius of curvature and the maximum von Mises stress exhibits a non-linear feature

Deposition of F-doped ZnO transparent thin films using ZnF2-doped ZnO target under different sputtering substrate temperatures

Highly transparent and conducting fluorine-doped ZnO (FZO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, using 1.5 wt% zinc fluoride (ZnF2)-doped ZnO as sputtering target. Structural, electrical, and optical properties of the FZO thin films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature ranging from room temperature (RT) to 300°C. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the FZO thin films were of polycrystalline nature with a preferential growth along (002) plane perpendicular to the surface of the glass substrate. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of the FZO thin films showed that there was incorporation of F atoms in the FZO thin films, even if the substrate temperature was 300°C. Finally, the effect of substrate temperature on the transmittance ratio, optical energy gap, Hall mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity of the FZO thin films was also investigated

Porocarcinoma in situ showing follicular differentiation: A case report

AbstractPoroid neoplasm is a skin appendage tumor that has both benign and malignant counterparts. It has traditionally been regarded as of eccrine origin and has four types: intraepidermal poroma (hidroacanthoma simplex), poroma, dermal duct tumor, and poroid hidradenoma. Here we describe the case of a 64-year-old woman who had a verrucous, erythematous to brownish tumor on her left buttock for many years. Histopathology revealed an intra-epidermal poroid tumor with both benign and malignant parts. The benign part had intra-epidermal nests of poroid cells, which were smaller, monomorphic and sharply marginated from adjacent keratinocytes. The malignant part showed similar cell types, but had a higher nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism, and prominent mitoses. Ductal structures were noted in neoplastic cells and an epithelial membrane antigen stain was strongly positive. Interestingly, peripheral palisading and primitive follicular germ formation were also observed in the neoplasm, which suggests follicular differentiation. We made a final diagnosis of porocarcinoma in situ with follicular differentiation, which may support the folliculosebaceous–apocrine unit theory, but a tumor with such a combination has not been described before

Production of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid using two sequential enzymes overexpressed as double-tagged fusion proteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Two sequential enzymes in the production of sialic acids, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase (GlcNAc 2-epimerase) and <it>N</it>-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid aldolase (Neu5Ac aldolase), were overexpressed as double-tagged gene fusions. Both were tagged with glutathione S-transferase (GST) at the N-terminus, but at the C-terminus, one was tagged with five contiguous aspartate residues (5D), and the other with five contiguous arginine residues (5R).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both fusion proteins were overexpressed in <it>Escherichia coli </it>and retained enzymatic activity. The fusions were designed so their surfaces were charged under enzyme reaction conditions, which allowed isolation and immobilization in a single step, through a simple capture with either an anionic or a cationic exchanger (Sepharose Q or Sepharose SP) that electrostatically bound the 5D or 5R tag. The introduction of double tags only marginally altered the affinity of the enzymes for their substrates, and the double-tagged proteins were enzymatically active in both soluble and immobilized forms. Combined use of the fusion proteins led to the production of <it>N</it>-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from <it>N</it>-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Double-tagged gene fusions were overexpressed to yield two enzymes that perform sequential steps in sialic acid synthesis. The proteins were easily immobilized via ionic tags onto ionic exchange resins and could thus be purified by direct capture from crude protein extracts. The immobilized, double-tagged proteins were effective for one-pot enzymatic production of sialic acid.</p

Light scattering properties beyond weak-field excitation in a few-atom system

In the study of optical properties of large atomic system, a weak laser driving is often assumed to simplify the system dynamics by linearly coupled equations. Here we investigate the light scattering properties of atomic ensembles beyond weak-field excitation through cumulant expansion method. By progressively incorporating higher-order correlations into the steady-state equations, an enhanced accuracy can be achieved in comparison to the exact solutions from solving a full density matrix. Our analysis reveals that, in the regime of weak dipole-dipole interaction (DDI), the first-order expansion yields satisfactory predictions for optical depth, while denser atomic configurations necessitate consideration of higher-order correlations. As the intensity of incident light increases, atom saturation effects become noticeable, giving rise to significant changes of light transparency, energy shift, and decay rate. This saturation phenomenon extends to subradiant atom arrays even under weak driving conditions, leading to substantial deviations from the linear model. Our findings demonstrate the potential of mean-field models as good extensions to linear models as it balances both accuracy and computational complexity, which can be an effective tool for probing optical properties in large atom systems. However, the crucial role of higher-order cumulants in large atom systems under finite laser field excitations remains unclear since it is challenging theoretically owing to the exponentially-increasing Hilbert space in such light-matter interacting systems.Comment: 4 figure

R&D, Patent Arrangements, and Financial Performances: Evidence from Taiwan

In this study, we investigate the relationships among R&amp;D, patent arrangements, and financial performances for the firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE). In particular, we apply Vector Autoregression (VAR) to examine the relationships of the listed firms classified as industries of Semiconductor, Computer and Peripheral Equipment, Optoelectronic, Communications and Internet, Electronic Parts &amp; Components, Electronic Products Distribution, and Other Electronic, by the TWSE. In sum, we find the different lead-lag relationships among R&amp;D, patent arrangements, and financial performances in different industries, indicating important insight into patent arrangements

EVALUATION OF ELBOW AND FOREARM MOTION BETWEEN SIDEARM AND OVERHAND PITCHING

This study is to analyze the differences in kinematics, electromyography (EMG) and ultrasonography between two types of pitchers. We intend to observe and simulate the muscles around glenohumeral and elbow joints in different pitching motions and hope to discover the connections and differences in between. 12 pitchers from the top level were recruited. Larger elbow flexion was found in sidearm pitchers during the acceleration phase. Decrease of the distance of nerve to medial epicondyle was also found as the elbow moved to a more flexed position. More anterior translation of the ulnar nerve might occur during acceleration phase. Slightly lower flexor carpi radialis (FCR) activity was displayed in sidearm pitchers, showing that FCR might play a less crucial role in protecting medial elbow by providing less varus torque

Effects of Hydrogen Plasma on the Electrical Properties of F-Doped ZnO Thin Films and p-i-n -Si:H Thin Film Solar Cells

1.5 wt% zinc fluoride (ZnF2) was mixed with zinc oxide powder to form the F-doped ZnO (FZO) composition. At first, the FZO thin films were deposited at room temperature and 5×10-3 Torr in pure Ar under different deposition power. Hall measurements of the as-deposited FZO thin films were investigated, and then the electrical properties were used to find the deposition power causing the FZO thin films with minimum resistance. The FZO thin films with minimum resistance were further treated by H2 plasma and then found their variations in the electrical properties by Hall measurements. Hydrochloric (HCl) acid solutions with different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%) were used to etch the surfaces of the FZO thin films. Finally, the as-deposited, HCl-etched as-deposited, and HCl-etched H2-plasma-treated FZO thin films were used as transparent electrodes to fabricate the p-i-n α-Si:H thin film solar cells and their characteristics were compared in this study. We would show that using H2-plasma-treated and HCl-etched FZO thin films as transparent electrodes would improve the efficiency of the fabricated thin film solar cells