300 research outputs found
Exploring General Intelligence via Gated Graph Transformer in Functional Connectivity Studies
Functional connectivity (FC) as derived from fMRI has emerged as a pivotal
tool in elucidating the intricacies of various psychiatric disorders and
delineating the neural pathways that underpin cognitive and behavioral dynamics
inherent to the human brain. While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) offer a
structured approach to represent neuroimaging data, they are limited by their
need for a predefined graph structure to depict associations between brain
regions, a detail not solely provided by FCs. To bridge this gap, we introduce
the Gated Graph Transformer (GGT) framework, designed to predict cognitive
metrics based on FCs. Empirical validation on the Philadelphia
Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) underscores the superior predictive prowess of
our model, further accentuating its potential in identifying pivotal neural
connectivities that correlate with human cognitive processes
Data-driven MHD simulation of a sunspot rotating active region leading to solar eruption
Solar eruptions are the leading driver of space weather, and it is vital for
space weather forecast to understand in what conditions the solar eruptions can
be produced and how they are initiated. The rotation of sunspots around their
umbral center has long been considered as an important condition in causing
solar eruptions. To unveil the underlying mechanisms, here we carried out a
data-driven magnetohydrodynamics simulation for the event of a large sunspot
with rotation for days in solar active region NOAA 12158 leading to a major
eruption. The photospheric velocity as recovered from the time sequence of
vector magnetograms are inputted directly at the bottom boundary of the
numerical model as the driving flow. Our simulation successfully follows the
long-term quasi-static evolution of the active region until the fast eruption,
with magnetic field structure consistent with the observed coronal emission and
onset time of simulated eruption matches rather well with the observations.
Analysis of the process suggests that through the successive rotation of the
sunspot the coronal magnetic field is sheared with a vertical current sheet
created progressively, and once fast reconnection sets in at the current sheet,
the eruption is instantly triggered, with a highly twisted flux rope
originating from the eruption. This data-driven simulation stresses magnetic
reconnection as the key mechanism in sunspot rotation leading to eruption.Comment: Accept by A&
Capsular Switching and ICE Transformation Occurred in Human Streptococcus agalactiae ST19 With High Pathogenicity to Fish
Although Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) cross-infection between human and fish has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies, the mechanisms underlying GBS cross-species infection remain largely unclear. We have found different human GBS ST19 strains exhibiting strong or weak pathogenic to fish (sGBS and wGBS). In this study, our objective was to identify the genetic elements responsible for GBS cross species infection based on genome sequence data and comparative genomics. The genomes of 11 sGBS strains and 11 wGBS strains were sequenced, and the genomic analysis was performed base on pan-genome, CRISPRs, phylogenetic reconstruction and genome comparison. The results from the pan-genome, CRISPRs analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that genomes between sGBS were more conservative than that of wGBS. The genomic differences between sGBS and wGBS were primarily in the Cps region (about 111 kb) and its adjacent ICE region (about 106 kb). The Cps region included the entire cps operon, and all sGBS were capsular polysaccharide (CPS) type V, while all wGBS were CPS type III. The ICE region of sGBS contained integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) with IQ element and erm(TR), and was very conserved, whereas the ICE region of wGBS contained ICE with mega elements and the variation was large. The capsular switching (III–V) and transformation of ICE adjacent to the Cps region occurred in human GBS ST19 with different pathogenicity to fish, which may be related to the capability of GBS cross-infection
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