Probabilistic Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation: An Efficient Statistical Approach

A novel efficient probabilistic forecasting approach is proposed to accurately quantify the variability and uncertainty of the power production from photovoltaic (PV) systems. Distinguished from most existing models, a linear programming based prediction interval construction model for PV power generation is constructed based on extreme learning machine and quantile regression, featuring high reliability and computational efficiency. The proposed approach is validated through the numerical studies on PV data from Denmark.Department of Electrical Engineerin

Birefringence of GaN/AlGaN optical waveguides

This is the published version. Copyright © 2003 American Institute of PhysicsWe have experimentally studied the birefringence of wurtzite GaNgrown on a sapphire substrate. The measurements were done with single-mode GaN/AlGaN planar optical waveguides on c-plane grownheterostructure films. The refractive indices were found to be different for signal optical field perpendicular or parallel to the crystal c axis (n⊥≠n∥). More importantly, we found an approximately 10% change in index difference Δn=n∥−n⊥ with variation of the waveguide orientation in the a–b plane, and a 60° periodicity was clearly observed. This is attributed to the hexagonal structure of nitride materials

Identification and differential regional expression of KOR-3/ORL-1 gene splice variants in mouse brain

AbstractKOR-3, also known as ORL-1, is a member of the opioid receptor family, encoding the murine receptor for orphanin FQ/nociceptin. In the current studies we have identified five different splice variants of KOR-3 in mouse brain, three of which have not been previously reported. In addition to variants with a 15 bp deletion at the 3′-end of the first coding exon (KOR-3d) and an 81 bp insertion between the second and third coding exons (KOR-3e), three new variants with insertions of 34 (KOR-3a), 98 (KOR-3b), and 139 bp (KOR-3c) between the first and second coding exons have been obtained. The expression of the three variants in mouse brain varies markedly among brain regions with a distribution which is quite distinct from KOR-3 itself. Of greatest interest was the presence of high levels of KOR-3a in the striatum, a region with no demonstrable KOR-3, and in the cortex. KOR-3c was seen in the periaqueductal gray and hypothalamus, regions where KOR-3 predominated. The brainstem had similar levels of KOR-3, KOR-3a, and KOR-3d. In contrast, KOR-3d was most prominent in the cerebellum. KOR-3b levels were very low throughout

GaN-based waveguide devices for long-wavelength optical communications

This is the published version. Copyright © 2003 American Institute of PhysicsRefractive indices of AlxGa1−xN with different Al concentrations have been measured in infrared wavelength regions. Single-mode ridged optical waveguidedevices using GaN/AlGaN heterostructures have been designed, fabricated, and characterized for operation in 1550 nm wavelength window. The feasibility of developing photonic integrated circuits based on III-nitride wide-band-gap semiconductors for fiber-optical communications has been discussed

Chromatographic determination of siphonodin content: A rapid and simple strategy for discriminating between Hemsleya omeiensis and other sources of Xuedan

Purpose: To develop a rapid and simple siphonodin content-based high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to distinguish Hemsleya omeiensis from other sources of xuedan. Methods: Siphonodin was isolated from Hemsleya omeiensis and identified by x-ray crystallographic analysis. An optimized HPLC method was applied for the determination of siphonodin contents of H. omeiensis, H. dolichocarpa and H. gigantha. Results: Siphonodin was successfully separated by the optimized HPLC method in < 10 min, and the results of validation showed that the HPLC method was stable and very accurate for the quantification of siphonodin. The mean content of siphonodin in 10 batches of H. omeiensis was 3.78 mg/g, but the compound was not detectable in H. dolichocarpa and H. gigantha using the developed HPLC method. Conclusion: These results indicate that the developed HPLC method is suitable for distinguishing H. omeiensis from other sources of xuedan

Preferential regeneration of photoreceptor from Müller glia after retinal degeneration in adult rat

AbstractTo determine whether photoreceptor degeneration can stimulate Müller glia to transdifferentiate into neurons in adult mammalian retina, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was injected to induce complete loss of photoreceptors. Following MNU administration, Müller glia underwent reactive gliosis characterized by up-regulation of glial fibrillar acidic protein and nestin, and initiated proliferation through the cyclin D1 and D3 related pathways. Some Müller glia-derived cells were induced to express rhodopsin exclusively. These rhodopsin-positive cells exhibited synaptophysin around them, suggesting possible formation of synapses. After transplanted in to damaged retina, Müller glia migrated, grafted in host retina and produced rhodopsin. These results suggest that degeneration may promote preferential differentiation of Müller glia to photoreceptors and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal degenerative diseases

Ventricular divergence correlates with epicardial wavebreaks and predicts ventricular arrhythmia in isolated rabbit hearts during therapeutic hypothermia

INTRODUCTION: High beat-to-beat morphological variation (divergence) on the ventricular electrogram during programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) is associated with increased risk of ventricular fibrillation (VF), with unclear mechanisms. We hypothesized that ventricular divergence is associated with epicardial wavebreaks during PVS, and that it predicts VF occurrence. METHOD AND RESULTS: Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 10) underwent 30-min therapeutic hypothermia (TH, 30°C), followed by a 20-min treatment with rotigaptide (300 nM), a gap junction modifier. VF inducibility was tested using burst ventricular pacing at the shortest pacing cycle length achieving 1:1 ventricular capture. Pseudo-ECG (p-ECG) and epicardial activation maps were simultaneously recorded for divergence and wavebreaks analysis, respectively. A total of 112 optical and p-ECG recordings (62 at TH, 50 at TH treated with rotigaptide) were analyzed. Adding rotigaptide reduced ventricular divergence, from 0.13±0.10 at TH to 0.09±0.07 (p = 0.018). Similarly, rotigaptide reduced the number of epicardial wavebreaks, from 0.59±0.73 at TH to 0.30±0.49 (p = 0.036). VF inducibility decreased, from 48±31% at TH to 22±32% after rotigaptide infusion (p = 0.032). Linear regression models showed that ventricular divergence correlated with epicardial wavebreaks during TH (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ventricular divergence correlated with, and might be predictive of epicardial wavebreaks during PVS at TH. Rotigaptide decreased both the ventricular divergence and epicardial wavebreaks, and reduced the probability of pacing-induced VF during TH

Increases in solar conversion efficiencies of the ZrO2 nanofiber-doped TiO2 photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells, we introduced zirconia [ZrO2] nanofibers into a mesoporous titania [TiO2] photoelectrode. The photoelectrode consists of a few weight percent of ZrO2 nanofibers and a mesoporous TiO2 powder. The mixed ZrO2 nanofibers and the mesoporous TiO2 powder possessed a larger surface area than the corresponding mesoporous TiO2 powder. The optimum ratio of the ZrO2 nanofiber was 5 wt.%. The 5 wt.% ZrO2-mixed device could get a short-circuit photocurrent density of 15.9 mA/cm2, an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.69 V, a fill factor of 0.60, and a light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 6.5% under irradiation of AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2)

A solid state fungal fermentation-based strategy for the hydrolysis of wheat straw

This paper reports a solid-state fungal fermentation-based pre-treatment strategy to convert wheat straw into a fermentable hydrolysate. Aspergillus niger was firstly cultured on wheat straw for production of cellulolytic enzymes and then the wheat straw was hydrolyzed by the enzyme solution into a fermentable hydrolysate. The optimum moisture content and three wheat straw modification methods were explored to improve cellulase production. At a moisture content of 89.5%, 10.2 ± 0.13 U/g cellulase activity was obtained using dilute acid modified wheat straw. The addition of yeast extract (0.5% w/v) and minerals significantly improved the cellulase production, to 24.0 ± 1.76 U/g. The hydrolysis of the fermented wheat straw using the fungal culture filtrate or commercial cellulase Ctec2 was performed, resulting in 4.34 and 3.13 g/L glucose respectively. It indicated that the fungal filtrate harvested from the fungal fermentation of wheat straw contained a more suitable enzyme mixture than the commercial cellulase