Determinants of Industrial Innovation in China and the Role of University Research

This dissertation investigates firms’ innovation activities in China, the role of universities in this regard and whether firms’ willingness to engage in academia-industry linkages can be positively affected through relevant policy. It applies a three-step approach for the investigation. Results of the three-step analysis are presented in Chapter 2 to 4. As the first step, Chapter 2 investigates the role of firms’ own R&D engagement and the relevance of knowledge transferred from different sources for their various innovation results. The investigation is based on a firm-level dataset collected by our own PRD (Pearl River Delta) Company Survey in late 2007 in China. Chapter 3 deepens the analysis in Chapter 2 by investigating the role of university research for industrial patenting results in more detail, focusing on the role of geographic proximity and university research quality in this regard. In doing so it extends the analysis of Chapter 2 in the following three aspects: regional and geographic aspect, sectoral aspect and the aspect of university research quality. Based on the concept of national innovation system we may expect that governments through adequate policy can remove (partially) institutional impediments to encourage firms to engage in academia-industry linkages more intensively so that firms’ innovation performance can better profit from the academic research results. Chapter 4 uses Hong Kong (HK) with its specific historical background as an example to investigate whether more active innovation policy may have certain potential to positively affect firms’ innovation intention in general and to encourage innovative firms to engage in academia-industry linkages more intensively in particular. The dissertation ends with a brief summary of findings and some policy implications

FDI 区域集聚引发印度后改革时代的利益权衡

印度财政部长 P. Chidambaram 称“FDI 在中国创造了奇迹，在印度也同样可以 。”然而，中国的范例也反映出外商直接投资（FDI）自由化在促进东道国经济 发展方面的局限性。中国的 FDI 高度集中于沿海地区，先前的研究表明这一现 象进一步加剧了始于 70 年代末的地区收入和增长不平衡。 通常，FDI 的区域集聚与经济活动以及国内投资的集聚是密切相关的。相反， FDI的溢出效应——能极大地促进FDI对发展的积极作用——有一个空间维度， 换言之，它们的影响随距离的增加而减弱

Regional concentration of FDI involves trade-offs in post-reform India

P. Chidambaram, India’s Minister of Finance, claimed that “FDI worked wonders in China and can do so in India.” However, China’s example may also point to the limitations of foreign direct investment (FDI) liberalization in promoting the host country’s economic development. FDI in China is heavily concentrated in the coastal areas, and previous studies have suggested that this has contributed to the increasing disparity in regional income and growth since the late 1970s. The regional concentration of FDI tends to go hand in hand with agglomeration of economic activity in general and, presumably, domestic investment as well. Conversely, FDI-related spillovers, which are crucially important in order for FDI to have positive effects on growth, have a spatial dimension—i.e., their impact weakens with distance

Relação entre design e propriedade intelectual em Portugal : incidência na perspectiva e prática profissional do designer

Em Portugal, existem duas entidades públicas responsáveis pela regulação e estabelecimento da protecção da Propriedade Intelectual: a Inspecção Geral das Actividades Culturais (IGAC) referente ao Direito de Autor e o Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), destinado à Propriedade Industrial. Por existir um verdadeiro desconhecimento por parte dos designers sobre o tema, o objectivo central do presente artigo, consiste na apresentação dos resultados obtidos com o Inquérito realizado em 2011, junto de designers activos em Portugal e de forma a identificar quais os reais problemas vivenciados pelos profissionais portugueses quanto à protecção de criações de design e de que forma a obra de design é definida e caracterizada do ponto de vista de quem a projecta e cria. Por se terem obtido respostas díspares no que concerne aos domínios de definição das suas criações e delineamento de fronteiras entre as outras áreas, os resultados proporcionam orientações para futuras pesquisas teóricas e práticas.ABSTRACT : In Portugal, there are two public entities responsible for regulating and establishing the protection of Intellectual Property: the General Inspection of Cultural Activities, relating to Copyright and the National Institute of Industrial Property, for industrial property. For existing a lack of knowledge about this subject from the designers’ part, the central aim of this article is to present the results of the survey conducted in 2011, with active designers in Portugal. With this results it was identified the real problems experienced by portuguese designers as for the protection of design creation and how the design work is defined and characterized from the viewpoint of who creates it. By having obtained dissimilar responses regarding the domains of definition of their creations and delineation of boundaries between other areas, the results provide guidance for future theoretical and practical researches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pressure Dependence of Fragile-to-Strong Transition and a Possible Second Critical Point in Supercooled Confined Water

By confining water in nano-pores of silica glass, we can bypass the crystallization and study the pressure effect on the dynamical behavior in deeply supercooled state using neutron scattering. We observe a clear evidence of a cusp-like fragile-to-strong (F-S) dynamic transition. Here we show that the transition temperature decreases steadily with an increasing pressure, until it intersects the homogenous nucleation temperature line of bulk water at a pressure of 1600 bar. Above this pressure, it is no longer possible to discern the characteristic feature of the F-S transition. Identification of this end point with the possible second critical point is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Characterization of novel transforming growth factor-beta type I receptors found in malignant pleural effusion tumor cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tumors expressing a transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor (TβRI) mutant with sequence deletions in a nine-alanine (9A) stretch of the signal peptide are reported to be highly associated with disease progression. Expression of this mutant could interfere with endogenous TGFβ signaling in the cell. However, little is known about the importance of the remaining part of the signal peptide on the cellular function of TβRI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We cloned and identified four new in-frame deletion variants of TβRI, designated DM1 to DM4, in pleural effusion-derived tumor cells. Intriguingly, DM1 and DM2, with a small region truncated in the putative signal peptide of TβRI, had a serious defect in their protein expression compared with that of the wild-type receptor. Using serial deletion mutagenesis, we characterized a region encoded by nucleotides 16–51 as a key element controlling TβRI protein expression. Consistently, both DM1 and DM2 have this peptide deleted. Experiments using cycloheximde and MG132 further confirmed its indispensable role for the protein stability of TβRI. In contrast, truncation of the 9A-stretch itself or a region downstream to the stretch barely affected TβRI expression. However, variants lacking a region C-terminal to the stretch completely lost their capability to conduct TGFβ-induced transcriptional activation. Intriguingly, expression of DM3 in a cell sensitive to TGFβ made it significantly refractory to TGFβ-mediated growth inhibition. The effect of DM3 was to ablate the apoptotic event induced by TGFβ.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We identified four new transcript variants of TβRI in malignant effusion tumor cells and characterized two key elements controlling its protein stability and transcriptional activation. Expression of one of variants bestowed cancer cells with a growth advantage in the presence of TGFβ. These results highlight the potential roles of some naturally occurring TβRI variants on the promotion of tumor malignancy.</p

Veterinarians in the UK on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for post-disbudding analgesia of calves

<p>Top 20 down-regulated genes after DAPT treatment in P0 Lfng-GFP⁺ cells.</p