Riding the wave of innovation: immunoinformatics in fish disease control

The spread of infectious illnesses has been a significant factor restricting aquaculture production. To maximise aquatic animal health, vaccination tactics are very successful and cost-efficient for protecting fish and aquaculture animals against many disease pathogens. However, due to the increasing number of immunological cases and their complexity, it is impossible to manage, analyse, visualise, and interpret such data without the assistance of advanced computational techniques. Hence, the use of immunoinformatics tools is crucial, as they not only facilitate the management of massive amounts of data but also greatly contribute to the creation of fresh hypotheses regarding immune responses. In recent years, advances in biotechnology and immunoinformatics have opened up new research avenues for generating novel vaccines and enhancing existing vaccinations against outbreaks of infectious illnesses, thereby reducing aquaculture losses. This review focuses on understanding in silico epitope-based vaccine design, the creation of multi-epitope vaccines, the molecular interaction of immunogenic vaccines, and the application of immunoinformatics in fish disease based on the frequency of their application and reliable results. It is believed that it can bridge the gap between experimental and computational approaches and reduce the need for experimental research, so that only wet laboratory testing integrated with in silico techniques may yield highly promising results and be useful for the development of vaccines for fish

Purification and characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with antimicrobial properties from s marine epibiotic pseudoalteromonas sp.

We present a study to purify and characterize the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp.isolated from fish epidermal surface. The purified EPS was recovered from the culture supernatant by using cold ethanol precipitation and dialysis method. Colorimetric analysis of EPS revealed that it was primarily composed of proteins, 0.0251g/L, carbohydrates, 0.0561g/L and uronic acid, 0.0217 g/L. The EPS also exhibited high emulsification activity when being tested with hydrophobic substances such as paraffin oil, (94.5 % and 79.4%), kerosene, (56.1% and 37.2%) and Tween 80 (46.6% and 32.9%). In addition, the EPS demonstrated discernible antimicrobial activity against Gram–negative bacteria like E.coli, P.aeruginosa and E.aerogenes. The SDS–PAGE profile revealed up to eight types of unknown proteins were detected within the EPS, with the molecular weight ranging from 15.486 kDa to 113.058 kDa. The results of the study would contribute to the elucidation of antimicrobial components and its mechanism in Pseudoalteromonas sp

A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL ANTICANCERS FROM ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. The drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy such as resistance, lack of specificity, severe toxicity warrant the need to explore alternative approach for the treatment of cancer. Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate defense mechanism of all organisms and have been developed as potential alternatives in combatting infectious diseases. In addition, anticancer effects of many peptides have been reported with remarkable prospects in some in vitro studies especially on breast, cervical and lung cancer cell lines, and in vivo murine tumour xenografts. This review summarizes the reports on the activities of some selected anticancer peptides on various cancer cell lines