Asas mekanik kuantum edisi kedua

Buku teks ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan struktur dan kaedah-kaedah mekanik kuantum bagi semua kursus fizik atom, fizik nukleus atau fizik zarah tahun pertama ijazah sarjana muda. Ia tidak memerlukan pengetahuan asas tentang mekanik kuantum dan cuba mengelakkan matematik yang sukar. Langkah-langkah dalam penghujahan matematik dikemukakan dengan lengkap dan teratur. Buku ini menggunakan pendekatan logik dan dalam bab pertama pembaca diberikan tujuh postulat. Tidak ada perubahan utama dilakukan terhadap konsep-konsep asas ini dalam perlakuan selanjutnya. Mekanik klasik yang lumrah itu ditunjukkan sebagai suatu kes menghad. Setiap keputusan mekanik kuantum yang penting ditunjukkan sekurang-kurangnya oleh satu contoh fizik. Di samping memperkenalkan konsep-konsep asas, perkara-perkara utama beberapa topik lanjutan juga dikemukakan, seperti penggabungan momentum sudut, hubungan di antara penyerakan resonans dengan pereputan melalui pemancaran zarah, dan pengkuantuman medan sinaran

A study of moisture distribution in Malaysian wood by neutron radiography

A study on moisture distribution in several types of malaysian wood is presented, based on the transmission of various wood samples by neutron beam via neutron radiography technique. The aim of the study was to investigate the water uptake behaviour, and drying process in different species of wood. The experimental set-up, the detector system used and the evaluation procedure are described. Neutron radiographic images that describe the moisture distribution in the wood samples have been produced. Qualitative information obtained from the images provides a general understanding of the behaviour of wood during its interaction with water under different conditions. Results obtained indicate the potential for further use of this method in studying several moisture-related practical problems in wood manufacturing industr

Estimation of radiological parameters from seasonal observations of primordial natural radionuclides in sediments of Darbandikhan Lake water resources at Kurdistan region, Northeastern Iraq

In this study, sediments from different resources of Darbandikhan Lake were studied through 100 samples taken from spring, stream, and lake during the four seasons. The specific activity of (238U, 232Th and 40K) natural radionuclides have been measured using the Gamma Spectrometry analysis with HPGe detector. The measured average activity concentration of these radionuclides in the studied samples were (11.9 ± 1.00, 7.80 ± 1.08 and 211 ± 3.41) Bq/kg in spring; (9.23 ± 1.19, 7.66 ± 0.977 and 181 ± 3.06) Bq/kg in summer; (12.7 ± 1.52, 8.16 ± 1.04 and 188 ± 3.10) Bq/kg in autumn; (11.91 ± 1.55, 9.13 ± 1.03 and 219 ± 3.04) Bq/kg in winter. The radiological hazard indices of radium equivalent activities (Raeq), outdoor absorbed dose rate (Dout), outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (Eout), activity utilization index (AUI), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), and excess life time cancer (ELCR) were calculated. All of these radiological parameters were below the international recommended values, and hence the usage of these sediments is considered safe regarding their radioactivity