Improving Health in Ucayali, Peru: A Multisector and Multilevel Analysis

Abstract: We review the key determinants of health in Ucayali, Peru, identified by researchers, and, according to these, propose a set of tools to improve health in this area. Women and indigenous peoples are recognized as two vulnerable groups in the region that face greater health risks, and these are the main focus of the development of tools for health improvement. Also, the growing economic integration in the region facilitates the spread of infectious disease, thus requiring several levels of intervention. The tools discussed to improve health in Ucayali cross several scales and sectors. They include improved natural resource management, education and empowerment of women, integration of traditional and biomedical care, improved health information management, and community mobilization for health. Overall, our conclusions reinforce the limitations of the biomedical approach, which focuses on the treatment of specific pathologies in improving health. Health-system development requires the cooperation of many sectors and many actors across several spatial scales

Chapitre 32 - One Health et les organisations non gouvernementales

Introduction Le rôle des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) dans la création et la fourniture de solutions alternatives aux programmes de développement internationaux classiques ont été décrits et analysés de manière assez détaillée (Bebbington et Farrington, 1993 ; Banque mondiale, 1998 ; Bebbington et al., 2008). Leur capacité à faciliter et à tester des approches alternatives, complexes et systémiques, visant à améliore..

Chapitre 34 - Contexte pour One Health et approche éco-santé

Introduction Le domaine de l’éco-santé a trait, largement, à « la recherche, la pratique et l’intégration des connaissances à l’interface de l’écologie et de la santé » (International Association for Ecology and Health, 2013). Cette expression, tirée des objectifs et de la portée de la revue EcoHealth, est complétée par quelques dizaines d’exemples dans les rubriques « One Health et la médecine de conservation », « Approches éco..

Chapitre 2 - Enjeux théoriques de One Health

One Health : une définition empirique du travail La convergence des intérêts dans le domaine de la santé humaine et animale, fondée sur une observation attentive et des études scientifiques approfondies, a été reconnue et encouragée par les spécialistes des sciences de la santé (encadré 2.1). Elle repose en grande partie sur des conclusions et des analogies tirées d’observations empiriques de maladies spécifiques et d’anatomie ..

One Health: the added value of integrated health approaches

The One Health concept of combined veterinary and human health continues to gain momentum, but the supporting literature is sparse. In this book, the origins of the concept are examined and practical content on methodological tools, data gathering, monitoring techniques, study designs, and mathematical models is included. Zoonotic diseases, with discussions of diseases of wildlife, farm animals, domestic pets and humans, and real-world issues such as sanitation, economics, food security and evaluating the success of vaccination programmes are covered in detail. Discussing how to put policy into practice, and with case studies throughout, this book combines research and practice in one broad-ranging volume

Chapitre 8 - Évaluation intégrée des risques — Maladies d’origine alimentaire

Introduction Évaluations des risques dans les maladies d’origine alimentaire : un bref historique Le concept One Health tel qu’il est actuellement défini est issu de plusieurs courants principaux de recherche et de pratique. L’un des domaines qui ont enrichi ce concept One Health est le large domaine de l’analyse des risques associés aux infections et aux intoxications d’origine alimentaire. Les maladies ..

Public perceptions of drinking water: A postal survey of residents with private water supplies

Background: In Canada, the legal responsibility for the condition of private water supplies, including private wells and cisterns, rests with their owners. However, there are reports that Canadians test these water supplies intermittently and that treatment of such water is uncommon. An estimated 45% of all waterborne outbreaks in Canada involve non-municipal systems. An understanding of the perceptions and needs of Canadians served by private water supplies is essential, as it would enable public health professionals to better target public education and drinking water policy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the public perceptions of private water supplies in the City of Hamilton, Ontario (Canada), with the intent of informing public education and outreach strategies within the population. Methods: A cross-sectional postal survey of 246 residences with private water supplies was conducted in May 2004. Questions pertained to the perceptions of water quality and alternative water sources, water testing behaviours and the self-identified need for further information. Results: Private wells, cisterns or both, were the source of household water for 71%, 16% and 13% of respondents, respectively. Although respondents rated their water quality highly, 80% also had concerns with its safety. The most common concerns pertained to bacterial and chemical contamination of their water supply and its potential negative effect on health. Approximately 56% and 61% of respondents used in-home treatment devices and bottled water within their homes, respectively, mainly due to perceived improvements in the safety and aesthetic qualities compared to regular tap water. Testing of private water supplies was performed infrequently: 8% of respondents tested at a frequency that meets current provincial guidelines. Two-thirds of respondents wanted more information on various topics related to private water supplies. Flyers and newspapers were the two media reported most likely to be used. Conclusion: Although respondents rated their water quality highly, the majority had concerns regarding the water from their private supply, and the use of bottled water and water treatment devices was extensive. The results of this study suggest important lines of inquiry and provide support and input for public education programs, particularly those related to private water testing, in this population

Préface

Depuis la fin des années 1990, « One Health » est devenu un concept fédérateur pour un grand nombre d’organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales soucieuses de la santé humaine et animale, de la conservation de la faune et de la pérennité environnementale. Devant la menace d’une pandémie de grippe aviaire, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agricul..

Public perception of drinking water from private water supplies: focus group analyses

BACKGROUND: Over four million Canadians receive their drinking water from private water supplies, and numerous studies report that these supplies often exceed the minimal acceptable standards for contamination. Canadians in rural areas test their water intermittently, if at all, and treatment of water from private supplies is not common. Understanding the perceptions of drinking water among residents served by private systems will enable public health professionals to better target education and outreach activities, and to address the needs and concerns of residents in their jurisdictions. The purpose of this study was to explore the drinking water perceptions and self-described behaviours and needs of participants served by private water systems in the City of Hamilton, Ontario (Canada). METHODS: In September 2003, three focus group discussions were conducted; two with men and women aged 36–65 years, and one with men and women 20–35 years of age. RESULTS: Overall, participants had positive perceptions of their private water supplies, particularly in the older age group. Concerns included bacterial and chemical contamination from agricultural sources. Testing of water from private supplies was minimal and was done less frequently than recommended by the provincial government. Barriers to water testing included the inconvenience of the testing process, acceptable test results in the past, resident complacency and lack of knowledge. The younger participants greatly emphasized their need for more information on private water supplies. Participants from all groups wanted more information on water testing, and various media for information dissemination were discussed. CONCLUSION: While most participants were confident in the safety of their private water supply, the factual basis for these opinions is uncertain. Improved dissemination of information pertaining to private water supplies in this population is needed. Observed differences in the concerns expressed by users of different water systems and age groups may suggest the need for targeted public education strategies. These focus groups provided significant insight into the public perception of private water supplies and the need for public health outreach activities; however, to obtain a more representative understanding of the perceptions in this population, it is important that a larger scale investigation be performed