Beyond Five Percent: The New Foundation Payout Menu

Looks at thirteen foundations and examines the ways in which their non-standard structures -- whether in the areas of lifespan, payout, or methods -- arise from their missions. Foundations can have an impact when they choose to increase their payout rate or limit their lifespan. While some of these profiled efforts are still in their early stages, the fact that these donors have looked at philanthropy through a new lens opens intriguing vistas

Atlantic Insights: Giving While Living

Written by journalist and philanthropy expert Heidi Waleson, the book explores Founder Charles "Chuck" Feeney's long-standing belief in "Giving While Living," the idea that people with wealth should use it during their lifetimes to help others. It also features other donors who have decided to devote the majority of their fortunes to philanthropy.For additional information: http://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/news/new-book-explores-giving-while-living-approach-to-philanthropy

Experimental and numerical evaluation of conduction welded thermoplastic composite joints

The capability of joining two thermoplastic composite parts by welding is a key technology to reduce the weight and cost of assembled parts and enables high volume manufacturing of future aeronautical structures made of thermoplastic composite materials. However, there is not much experimental understanding of the mechanisms involving welded joint failure, and the computational tools available for the simulation of thermoset composites have not yet been completely assessed for thermoplastic materials. In this work, a numerical and experimental evaluation is performed to investigate the strength and failure behavior of conduction welded thermoplastic composite joints. A welded single lap shear joint is designed, manufactured, tested and analyzed proposing two distinct modeling approaches. A simplified modeling strategy which only accounts for damage at the weld is compared to a high-fidelity model which can take into account the physical failure mechanisms at the lamina level. The high-fidelity modeling methodology is able to predict the experimental failure mode of the investigated welded joints with high accuracy and is used to gain new insights into the key-variables that influence the strength of thermoplastic welded joints. It is also found that the joint strength is highly influenced by the failure mechanisms not only of the welded interface but also of the surrounding plies

Skin-stringer separation in post-buckling of butt-joint stiffened thermoplastic composite panels

Two aeronautical thermoplastic composite stiffened panels are analysed and tested to investigate the buckling behaviour, the skin-stringer separation and the final failure mode. The panels are made of fast crystallising polyetherketoneketone carbon composite, have three stringers with an angled cap on one side, and are joined to the skin by a short-fibre reinforced butt-joint. The panels contain an initial damage in the middle skin-stringer interface representing barely visible impact damage. Finite element analysis using the virtual crack closure technique are conducted before the test to predict the structural behaviour. During the tests, the deformation of the panels is measured by digital image correlation, the damage propagation is recorded by GoPro cameras and the final failure is captured by high speed cameras. The panels show an initial three half-wave buckling shape in each bay, with damage propagation starting shortly after buckling. A combination of relatively stable and unstable damage propagation is observed until final failure, when the middle stringer separates completely and the panels fail in an unstable manner. The test results are compared to the numerical prediction, which shows great agreement for both the buckling and failure behaviour

Experiência de familiares de pessoas com deficiência física:: subsídio para inclusão e garantia dos direitos

Em diversos momentos na história da humanidade, as pessoas com deficiência receberam diferentes formas de tratamento. No mundo existem cerca de 600 milhões de pessoas com deficiência, sedo que no Brasil 14,5% da população é classificada com algum tipo de deficiência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a experiência de familiares de pessoas com deficiência, no que se refere à busca e garantia dos direitos legais destinados aos mesmos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestrutura para coleta de dados e análise de conteúdo para estabelecimento de categorias temáticas. Participaram do estudo 10 familiares. Emergiram quatro categorias: Compreensão da família quanto aos direitos, A família no con(viver) com a pessoa com deficiência, Pessoas com deficiência versus órgãos públicos ineficiente, e Barreiras socioculturais, financeiras e estruturais. Percebe-se que os benefícios conquistados limitam-se àqueles indispensáveis à sobrevivência, como a aposentadoria pela previdência social e alguns atendimentos de saúde. Apesar de muitas conquistas obtidas por este grupo da sociedade, ainda há muito que se fazer para que as pessoas com deficiência e seus familiares alcancem de fato a inclusão social, e possam viver com dignidade, respeito, gozando de verdadeira cidadania

Skin-stringer separation in post-buckling of butt-joint stiffened thermoplastic composite panels

Two aeronautical thermoplastic composite stiffened panels are analysed and tested to investigate the buckling behaviour, the skin-stringer separation and the final failure mode. The panels are made of fast crystallising polyetherketoneketone carbon composite, have three stringers with an angled cap on one side, and are joined to the skin by a short-fibre reinforced butt-joint. The panels contain an initial damage in the middle skin-stringer interface representing barely visible impact damage. Finite element analysis using the virtual crack closure technique are conducted before the test to predict the structural behaviour. During the tests, the deformation of the panels is measured by digital image correlation, the damage propagation is recorded by GoPro cameras and the final failure is captured by high speed cameras. The panels show an initial three half-wave buckling shape in each bay, with damage propagation starting shortly after buckling. A combination of relatively stable and unstable damage propagation is observed until final failure, when the middle stringer separates completely and the panels fail in an unstable manner. The test results are compared to the numerical prediction, which shows great agreement for both the buckling and failure behaviour.Aerospace Structures & Computational Mechanic

Experimental and numerical evaluation of conduction welded thermoplastic composite joints

The capability of joining two thermoplastic composite parts by welding is a key technology to reduce the weight and cost of assembled parts and enables high volume manufacturing of future aeronautical structures made of thermoplastic composite materials. However, there is not much experimental understanding of the mechanisms involving welded joint failure, and the computational tools available for the simulation of thermoset composites have not yet been completely assessed for thermoplastic materials. In this work, a numerical and experimental evaluation is performed to investigate the strength and failure behavior of conduction welded thermoplastic composite joints. A welded single lap shear joint is designed, manufactured, tested and analyzed proposing two distinct modeling approaches. A simplified modeling strategy which only accounts for damage at the weld is compared to a high-fidelity model which can take into account the physical failure mechanisms at the lamina level. The high-fidelity modeling methodology is able to predict the experimental failure mode of the investigated welded joints with high accuracy and is used to gain new insights into the key-variables that influence the strength of thermoplastic welded joints. It is also found that the joint strength is highly influenced by the failure mechanisms not only of the welded interface but also of the surrounding plies.Aerospace Structures & Computational MechanicsExternenregistrati

Analysis and testing of a thermoplastic composite stiffened panel under compression

This paper presents the numerical analysis of a thermoplastic composite stiffened panel subjected to compression load. The panel has three stringers with a non-symmetric design, with an artificial crack at the middle stringer interface and is made from a fast crystallizing polyetherketoneketone carbon composite. The finite element model includes an approximation of the geometrical imperfections which were measured using a digital image correlation system. The finite element analyses are discussed, where the crack propagation is modelled using the virtual crack closure technique. The results show that crack propagation starts rather early after buckling and the crack growth behaviour is heavily influenced by the buckling shape, which consists of three half-waves in longitudinal direction in each bay.Aerospace Structures & Computational Mechanic

Virtual testing of thermoplastic composites: Towards a hybrid simulation-physical testing pyramid

This paper summarizes the implementation of a Virtual Testing methodology in an industrial environment to predict the mechanical behaviour of composite material through the different scales of the conventional physical testing pyramid. A robust Virtual Test Lab allows for the generation of virtual allowables, while advanced interface models ensure accurate simulation of critical interfaces up to structural level. Hybrid simulation-physical testing approaches, that can support both conventional rapid sizing and high-fidelity analysis methods, have been applied during the development of a thermoplastic orthogrid fuselage shell and will be coupled with the manufacturing process though a virtual process chain for the development of a thermoplastic fuselage for the next generation aircraft.Aerospace Structures & Computational Mechanic