Visual evidence for urban potential fields

A satellite picture of adjacent cities clearly illustrates the analytical dynamics of urban growth

URBAN TERRAIN CLIMATOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING *

. Urban areas have been conceived of as monolithic heat islands because traditional ground observation techniques do not lend themselves to more specific analyses. Observations of urban energy-exchange obtained from calibrated electro-optical scanners combined with energy budget simulation techniques provide tools to relate the urban land use mosaic to the heat island phenomenon. Maps of surface energy-related phenomena were made from airborne scanner outputs for selected flightpaths across the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Conditions for the flight time were simulated according to the various types of land use using an energy budget simulation model which lends itself to extrapolation of simulated grid-point conditions into a map form. Maps made by simulation compare sufficiently well with those made by aerial observation to encourage further refinement of the simulation approach.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72392/1/j.1467-8306.1976.tb01110.x.pd

Spatial theory and human behavior

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45971/1/10110_2005_Article_BF01952731.pd

Smooth pycnophylactic interpolation for geographical regions

ABSTRACT: Census enumerations are usually packaged in irregularly shaped geographical regions. Interior values can be interpolated for such regions, without specification of “control points, ” by using an analogy to elliptical partial differential equations. A solution procedure is suggested, using finite difference methods with classical boundary conditions. In order to estimate densities, an additional nonnegativity condition is required. Smooth contour maps, which satisfy the volume preserving and nonnegativity constraints, illustrate the method using actual geographical data. It is suggested that the procedure may be used to convert observations from one bureaucratic partitioning of a geographical area to another

Experiments in migration mapping by computer

ABSTRACT. Migration maps represent patterns of geographical movement by arrows or bands between places, using information arriving in “from-to ” tables. In the most interesting cases the tables are of large size, suggesting that computer assistance would be useful in the preparation of the maps. A computer program prepared for this purpose shows that graphical representation is feasible for tables as large as fifty by fifty, and possibly larger. The program contains options for alternate forms of movement depiction, and rules are suggested for the parsing of migration tables prior to the cartographic display, without loss of spatial resolution. KEY WORDS: Computer cartography, geographic movement, thematic maps. Maps that show patterns of geographical movement function as particularly effective illustrative and research tools. Like most graphical aids their value increases in direct proportion to the complexity of the data. The general style of these maps has not changed much since the time of Harness, Belpaire, or Minard in the last century (Brinton 1914; Robinson 1955, 1967, 1982; Tufte 1983). The areas between which a migration, or other movement, occurs are connected by a “band ” whose width represents the quantity moved. What is new today is tha

The geographic movement of wealth in the United States

Un modèle numérique appliqué aux densités et aux flux de richesses aux États-Unis en 1970 et 1976 tend à montrer que ces richesses se déplacent avec la population. Les cartes illustrant ces flux sont proches de celles du mouvement net de population aux mêmes dates