POTENSI Pseudomonas aeruginase DALAM EKSTRAK PUPUK KOMPOS LIMBAH SAYURAN SEBAGAI BIOFERTILIZER TEMBAKAU CERUTU

Fluorescents of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is well known as PGPR that also involve in the decomposition of organic matter. Tobacco H-877 and CMV used as a model to observed that bacterial function. In the semi aerobic conditions, the role of synergistic EM4 and P. aeruginosa to decompose vegetable sewage was more effective, as shown by the low of C/N ratio on any compost extracts process (P< 0.05) than on compost amended with either one of these microbial, although these effects were not significantly different. It was assumed there was any changing in P, K content and pH of the growth medium within treatments, that considered was caused by the activity of synergistic microbial to use the substrate for growing up. The chemical content and soil pH media within treatments of bacteria and virus seemed not different, although the rich nutrient increased the number bacteria populations in rhizosphere and roots. Any treatments of different extract compost processes and it’s application to the plant did not affect the plant fresh and dry weight, and the root densities, however, it was affect the root length and LAI, particularly on plant infecting with virus. The available nutrient in the medium caused any bacteria introduced were more rapidly to colonize rhizosphere and roots. The bacteria population was higher on plant infected with virus rather than on plant not inoculating with virus. Therefore, the role of synergistic EM4 and P. aeruginosa in the compost extract as PGPR to solubilize P was much better after 40 days incubating, and the population both of them increased. Key words: PGPR, water extract compost of vegetable sewage, nutrients of growth mediu

The Presence of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in the Compost Extract of Cigar Tobacco Debris

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is resistance to high temperature and able to survive over 10 years on dried leaves, and plant debris is considered as source of inoculums of TMV in the field. In order to inactivate TMV, TMV-infected cigar tobacco debris was composted at starting temperature of 50 ºC for two to three days; however, TMV was still infective in the extract compost. If a half leaf cigar tobacco 'H877' was inoculated with compost extract, the symptoms appeared as a necrotic local lesion (NLL) and did not develop systemic lesions. The dilution end point of TMV in extract compost was 10-3. The number of lesion was higher in the glasshouse with average daylight temperature of 32 ºC than in the field with average daylight temperature of 29-30 ºC. The number NLL was lower and NLL size seemed to be smaller on the first and second inoculated leaves with extract than that of on the first and second inoculated leaves with TMV inoculums. There was a delay of time about 58-106 hours after inoculation of NLL from extract compost inoculums to appear than those of from TMV inoculums. These could be happened because of mineral nutrients of compost and also the temperature of maintaining tobacco plant which inhibited the infections, and of a thermal composting process which destroyed some TMV particles, particularly degraded it’s coat protein. Key words: TMV, extract water compost, cigar tobacco debri

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPOST EXTRACT INDUCING SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE IN CIGAR TOBACCO PLANT AGAINST Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)

Tobacco is a highly valuable commodity and Cucumber mmosaic vvirus (CMV) is an economically important disease. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of compost extract inducing systemic resistance in cigar tobacco against CMV. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with two factors (5/K x2/V). K factor consisted of five types of three kinds of compost extract, Pseudomonas putida and control, while factor V consisted of 2 types of with or without virus inoculation. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Its effectiveness was assessed by observing severity of the disease at 24, 27, 31, 36, 40, and 44 days after virus inoculation. The result showed that application of compost extract or P. putida Pf-20 on 15 days before inoculation of CMV could induce the systemic resistance of cigar tobacco and extended to the period of incubation up to 22 days. Rice straw compost extract was more effective than leaf litter compost extract or coffee husks. However, the indication effectiveness of those three extract were lower than P. putida.

Filep György: Talajkémia (könyvismertetés)

In semiaerobic conditions, different composting processes of vegetable wastes have different characteristics. When compost extracts amended with the effective microorganism-4 (EM4, +E) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ch1 (+B) stored for 40 days, the bacteria population and P-content increased. Tobacco plants treated with compost extracts amended with +E+B and [+E+B] directly to organic materials and inoculated with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) both sprayed or watered applications reduced the disease severity. This is due to the higher bacteria population in the root and rhizosphere, particularly the activities of P. aeruginosa Ch1 as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) rather than the activities of bacteria from EM4. The role of P. aeruginosa Ch1 to induce resistance of the plants to CMV was suggested by producing siderophores under the limited Fe conditions,17-20 ppm

Penerapan Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids dan Pemeriksaan DDR (Drike Drupple) dalam Upaya Pencegahan Malaria pada Anak SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani (The Application of Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids and DDR (Drike Drupple) Examination in the Prevention of Malaria to Students of SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani)

Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids adalah sebuah metode yang dilakukan dengan mendidik siswa SD sebagai pendidik teman sebaya agar mampu membiasakan perilaku pencegahan malaria di lingkungan sekolah, dan di lingkungan rumah tempat tinggalnya. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kepada guru sekolah SD Advent Doyo Baru Sentani tentang cara pencegahan malaria, kemudian dilakukan pendidikan kepada para siswa sehingga mereka bisa melakukan upaya pencegahan malaria di lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan rumah. Kemudian orang tua dari siswa tersebut juga diberikan penyuluhan dan evaluasi tentang bagaimana perilaku polisi jentik nyamuk kids di rumah dalam melakukan upaya pencegahan penularan malaria.Polisi Jentik Nyamuk Kids is a method carried out by educating elementary students as peer educators to be able to familiarize malaria prevention behavior in the school environment, and in the home environment where they live. After counseling to Adventist Doyo Baru Sentani elementary school teachers on how to prevent malaria, education is then given to students so that they can make efforts to prevent malaria in the school and home environment. Then the parents of these students were also given counseling and evaluation on how the behavior of the kids mosquito larvae at home in preventing malaria transmission

Total Protein Content And Pathogenesis Related-Proteins In Leaf Intercellular Fluid Of Cigar Tobacco Cultivar H-877 Infected With Tobacco Mosaic Virus (Tmv)

The reaction of hypersensitive Nicotiana species or cultivar (N. glurinosa, N. tabacunz cv. Xanthi nc., N. tabacum cv. H-877) to three isolates of TMV from Jember showed variable symptoms. Pattern of total protein from leaf was hard to distinguish between cultivar or species, The intercellular fluids (IF) of leaf tissues which contained pathogenesis related (PR) proteins of cigar tobacco cultivar H-877 (it derives the N-gene from N. glutinosa) has lost several protein bands than that of N. glutinosa. The H-382 cultivar which systemic reaction to TMV has a band with very low molecular weight, which was not detected in other species or cultivar infected with three TMV isolates. It seems there was an effect of longterm storage of leaf before IF-extraction to the resolution of some PR-protein bands in SDS PAGE. Analysis of PR-proteins of H877 cultivar in 2D-SDS PAGE showed it consist of b-4, b-5, b-6a, b-6b, b-7a, and b-8a proteins of Parent and Asselin (1984). Key words : TMV symptoms, Nicotiana sp., resistance mechanism , PR-protein

Ketahanan Lapangan Lima Genotipe Padi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri

Bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important disease on rice in Indonesia. Four rice varieties, i.e. Inpari 30, Situbagendit, Luk-ulo and Cibogo has been known to have resistance to the disease. Therefore, they can be used as indicator plants to measure the resistance of any new rice genotypes to the disease. Research was aimed to evaluate field resistance of a new rice line, i.e. line X, with 4 resistant rice varieties as check control. The research was conducted in the field in Wirolegi villages, Sumbersari-Jember with natural infection of X. oryzae. Plant resistance was observed by measuring disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS). The highest DI (100%) was reached by all genotypes in different age. At 90 days after planting, DS of line X reached 11.85% which is far low compared to DS of var Situbagendit (40.25%). Based on DI and DS, line X is considered to have the best resistance to the disease, i.e. resistant in vegetative phase and moderately resistant in generative phase. However, the strain of X. oryzae infecting the plants in the field was unknown

Penggunaan Bakteriofag untuk Kit Detektor Patogen Hawar Bakteri Kedelai

Bacterial blight disease on soybean caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea is an important factor causing yield loss in Indonesia. Bacteriophage isolated from irrigation water around the soybean field can be used as indicator for the presence of phytopathogenic bacteria. The objectives of this research was to obtain suitable composition of detector materials to detect P. syringae pv. glycinea using bacteriophage. Composition of detector kit contains of nutrient broth medium with 0.1% of bromothymol blue, 10 g talk and 1 g CMC which will be rubbed on to the detector paper and caused green colour development (pH ± 7) when the paper was dipped on to bacteria suspension, added by a drop of bacteriophage suspension and incubated for 24 hour, the colour will be changed. Yellow color indicated growth activity of P. syringae pv. glycinea where as blue colour indicated suppression of P. syringae pv. glycinea

Synergism of Lumbricus rubellus and Pseudomonas putida Pf-20 in Inducing Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Both Lumbricus rubellus and Pseudomonas putida decompose soil organic matters. The population of P. putida Pf-20 increased if L. rubellus was introduced to the cucumber growth medium. The process of organic decomposition was much better if the medium was introduced with both L. rubellus and P. putida Pf-20, compared to the medium contained only either one of those organisms. The activity of L. rubellus may serve to provide nutrients for both the cucumber and P. putida. The role of P. putida to reduce disease severity was increased if L. rubellus was introduced to the growth medium. The synergism of these two organisms, reduced either the level of disease severity to CMV-48 and C/N ratio of medium, but increased the content of available phosphor and potassium. Key words: Lumbricus rubellus, Pseudomonas putida Pf-20, disease severity of CM

Antigenic Properties of Fixed and Unfixed Particles of Some Cucumber Mosaic Virus Strains

The virus particle of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is unstable and degrades during and after virus preparation. For longterm storage, either 0.25% glutaraldehyde or 0.2% formaldehyde are used as protein cross-linking reagents for stabilising the antigenic binding sites of the viral protein. The glutaraldehyde effect on the stability of purified CMV strains preparation after longterm storage were investigated by serological reactions with either fixed and unfixed CMV antisera. These preparations were also analysed by sucroce density gradient centrifugation and ISCO density gradient fractionation, then by gel electrophoresis and by electron microscopy. During longterm storage (more than one year) some fixed and unfixed virus strains had degrade partially as shown by the appearance of double precipitine lines in gel immunodiffusion tests and the shape of absorbance peaks of ISCO density gradient fractionation. However, the degradation of virus particles was not apparent by electron microscopy. On the other hand, in agarose gel electrophoresis the virus particle of CMV strains produced pattern of mutiple bands that shown that virus was certainly degraded. It appeared that the fixed virus had faster mobility bands than unfixedvirus