Rigid motions in Einstein spaces

Rigid motion in Einstein space-time using dyadic formulation of general relativit

On Waylen's regular axisymmetric similarity solutions

We review the similarity solutions proposed by Waylen for a regular time-dependent axisymmetric vacuum space-time, and show that the key equation introduced to solve the invariant surface conditions is related by a Baecklund transform to a restriction on the similarity variables. We further show that the vacuum space-times produced via this path automatically possess a (possibly homothetic) Killing vector, which may be time-like.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX2

Zero curvature representation for a new fifth-order integrable system

In this brief note we present a zero-curvature representation for one of the new integrable system found by Mikhailov, Novikov and Wang in nlin.SI/0601046.Comment: 2 pages, LaTeX 2e, no figure

Properties of equations of the continuous Toda type

We study a modified version of an equation of the continuous Toda type in 1+1 dimensions. This equation contains a friction-like term which can be switched off by annihilating a free parameter \ep. We apply the prolongation method, the symmetry and the approximate symmetry approach. This strategy allows us to get insight into both the equations for \ep =0 and \ep \ne 0, whose properties arising in the above frameworks are mutually compared. For \ep =0, the related prolongation equations are solved by means of certain series expansions which lead to an infinite- dimensional Lie algebra. Furthermore, using a realization of the Lie algebra of the Euclidean group $E_{2}$, a connection is shown between the continuous Toda equation and a linear wave equation which resembles a special case of a three-dimensional wave equation that occurs in a generalized Gibbons-Hawking ansatz \cite{lebrun}. Nontrivial solutions to the wave equation expressed in terms of Bessel functions are determined. For \ep\,\ne\,0, we obtain a finite-dimensional Lie algebra with four elements. A matrix representation of this algebra yields solutions of the modified continuous Toda equation associated with a reduced form of a perturbative Liouville equation. This result coincides with that achieved in the context of the approximate symmetry approach. Example of exact solutions are also provided. In particular, the inverse of the exponential-integral function turns out to be defined by the reduced differential equation coming from a linear combination of the time and space translations. Finally, a Lie algebra characterizing the approximate symmetries is discussed.Comment: LaTex file, 27 page

On application of Liouville type equations to constructing B\"acklund transformations

It is shown how pseudoconstants of the Liouville-type equations can be exploited as a tool for construction of the B\"acklund transformations. Several new examples of such transformations are found. In particular we obtained the B\"acklund transformations for a pair of three-component analogs of the dispersive water wave system, and auto-B\"acklund transformations for coupled three-component KdV-type systems.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

Axistationary perfect fluids -- a tetrad approach

Stationary axisymmetric perfect fluid space-times are investigated using the curvature description of geometries. Attention is focused on space-times with a vanishing electric part of the Weyl tensor. It is shown that the only incompressible axistationary magnetic perfect fluid is the interior Schwarzschild solution. The existence of a rigidly rotating perfect fluid, generalizing the interior Schwarzschild metric is proven. Theorems are stated on Petrov types and electric/magnetic Weyl tensors.Comment: 12 page

Solution generating with perfect fluids

We apply a technique, due to Stephani, for generating solutions of the Einstein-perfect fluid equations. This technique is similar to the vacuum solution generating techniques of Ehlers, Harrison, Geroch and others. We start with a ``seed'' solution of the Einstein-perfect fluid equations with a Killing vector. The seed solution must either have (i) a spacelike Killing vector and equation of state P=rho or (ii) a timelike Killing vector and equation of state rho+3P=0. The new solution generated by this technique then has the same Killing vector and the same equation of state. We choose several simple seed solutions with these equations of state and where the Killing vector has no twist. The new solutions are twisting versions of the seed solutions

Slowly, rotating non-stationary, fluid solutions of Einstein's equations and their match to Kerr empty space-time

A general class of solutions of Einstein's equation for a slowly rotating fluid source, with supporting internal pressure, is matched using Lichnerowicz junction conditions, to the Kerr metric up to and including first order terms in angular speed parameter. It is shown that the match applies to any previously known non-rotating fluid source made to rotate slowly for which a zero pressure boundary surface exists. The method is applied to the dust source of Robertson-Walker and in outline to an interior solution due to McVittie describing gravitational collapse. The applicability of the method to additional examples is transparent. The differential angular velocity of the rotating systems is determined and the induced rotation of local inertial frame is exhibited

The Interpretation of Photoelectric Colors for Stars of Types B-F

The accumulation of photoelectric data on the Johnson-Morgan system of B - V and U - B colors makes a preliminary theoretical reconnaissance desirable The colors were predicted for atmospheres of a wide range of effective temperatures and electron pressures. The effects of the Balmer jump on the response in the U band and of the Balmer lines in the B band were included, using averages taken over spectral type and luminosity classes. Table 2 gives the predicted fluxes as compared to a black body, the corrected B - V and U - B colors, and the color temperatures The zero point is based on Code's spectral scans of two stars. The results are most useful for differential effects over small ranges of 0 and P_e; the general temperature and pressure scale derived colorimetrically seems reasonable. The large effect of lines in certain white dwarfs explains some features of the observed colors

Physically Realistic Solutions to the Ernst Equation on Hyperelliptic Riemann Surfaces

We show that the class of hyperelliptic solutions to the Ernst equation (the stationary axisymmetric Einstein equations in vacuum) previously discovered by Korotkin and Neugebauer and Meinel can be derived via Riemann-Hilbert techniques. The present paper extends the discussion of the physical properties of these solutions that was begun in a Physical Review Letter, and supplies complete proofs. We identify a physically interesting subclass where the Ernst potential is everywhere regular except at a closed surface which might be identified with the surface of a body of revolution. The corresponding spacetimes are asymptotically flat and equatorially symmetric. This suggests that they could describe the exterior of an isolated body, for instance a relativistic star or a galaxy. Within this class, one has the freedom to specify a real function and a set of complex parameters which can possibly be used to solve certain boundary value problems for the Ernst equation. The solutions can have ergoregions, a Minkowskian limit and an ultrarelativistic limit where the metric approaches the extreme Kerr solution. We give explicit formulae for the potential on the axis and in the equatorial plane where the expressions simplify. Special attention is paid to the simplest non-static solutions (which are of genus two) to which the rigidly rotating dust disk belongs.Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures, uses pstricks.sty, updated version (October 7, 1998), to appear in Phys. Rev.