Phenomenology of strangeness production at high energies

The strange-quark occupation factor ($\gamma_s$) is determined from the statistical fit of the multiplicity ratio $\mathrm{K}^+/\pi^+$ in a wide range of nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$). From this single-strange-quark-subsystem, $\gamma_s(\sqrt{s_{NN}})$ was parametrized as a damped trigonometric functionality and successfully implemented to the hadron resonance gas model, at chemical semi-equilibrium. Various particle ratios including $\mathrm{K}^-/\pi^-$, $\mathrm{\Lambda}/\pi^-$, and $\mathrm{\bar{\Lambda}}/\pi^-$ are well reproduced. The phenomenology of $\gamma_s(\sqrt{s_{NN}})$ suggests that, the hadrons ($\gamma_s$ raises) at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \simeq 7~$GeV seems to undergo a phase transition to a mixed phase ($\gamma_s$ declines), which is then derived into partons ($\gamma_s$ remains unchanged with increasing $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$), at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \simeq 20~$GeV.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in EP

Fracture mechanics and mechanical testing laboratory at Inshas report No. 3

This is the third progress report on The Fracture Mechanics and Mechanical Testing Laboratory activities in the framework of the co-operation programme between the Dept. of Metallurgy, Nuclear Research Centre, AEA, Egypt and Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. This report covers the R&D activities in the period 1995-1998. The report is concerned with the following main activities in which the facilities of the laboratory were utilized: $\textbf{A. Update ofthe Co-operation Programme in Materials Testing}$ $\textbf{A.1 Supply of the equipment by Forschungszentrum Jüllich}$ $\textbf{A.2. Upgrading of the PSB250 Testing Machine (funded through AEA budget)}$ $\textbf{B. Work on Pressure Vessel Steels}$ This deals with the review on the effect of chemical composition of pressure vessel steels on their sensitivity to irradiation embrittlement. This work originated from previous joint work on neutron irradiation of various types of pressure vessel steels. $\textbf{C. Work on Low Alloy Steel}$ This includes studying the effect of various austenitization treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile and impact) of the high strength low alloy 34CrNiM06 steel. $\textbf{D. Work on Weldments of Stainless and Carbon Steels D.1}$ Effect of electrochemical hydrogen charging on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of both solution treated and sensitized 304L stainless steel base metal and 308L stainless steel weldment. Mechanical properties are determined through tensile, constant load and impact tests. Corrosion behaviour was evaluated using different techniques. $\textbf{D.2}$ Effect of thermal ageing on impact toughness of 304 stainless steel weldment. This involved the effect of thermal ageing time at 700 °C on the impact toughness of 304 stainless steel weld joint. A correlation was made between the change in toughness and microstructure. $\textbf{D.3.}$ Assessment Of Using Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal For Repairing CMn Steel Components $\textbf{E. Future Work Programme}

HBV vaccine efficacy and detection and genotyping of vaccineé asymptomatic breakthrough HBV infection in Egypt

AIM: To evaluate the impact of mass vaccination against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Egypt, and to search for vaccinee asymptomatic breakthrough HBV infection and its genotype

Incidence of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) infesting cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars with reference to cultivar susceptibilities

Field experiments were carried out in Egypt to investigate the infestation rates of cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci on five cultivars of cucumbers Cucumis sativus during two consecutive late summer seasons from 11 August to 28 October 2015 and 2016. The susceptibilities of the cultivars to infestation by this pest were examined. The five cultivars – Hayl, Nems, Beit Alpha Zena, Bahi and Wafier – were cultivated on a private farm in Mansheyet Saqqara village, Giza. The results showed that whitefly infestation peaks were high in September and October, but low in November in both seasons. The population densities of Bemisia tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults on all the cultivars were slightly higher in 2015 than in 2016. Numbers of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults rose with increasing the temperatures in both seasons, and mean numbers of nymphs and adults also increased with decreasing RH% on all the cultivars. The combination of temperature and humidity was an important regulatory factor affecting B. tabaci development. The results of this study showed that high infestation peaks of B. tabaci occurred in September and October of both seasons. The present results were used to classify the degrees of susceptibility of these cucumber cultivars to B. tabaci infestation as susceptible (S), low resistant (LR) and moderately resistant (MR). It is important that these degrees of susceptibility be referred to the degree of resistance of each cultivar to insect infestation

Potency of a combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze dried vaccine

            Pest des petits ruminants (PPR) and sheep pox (SP) viruses represent a hazard facing the sheep population. The present work dealt with the preparation of a combined live attenuated vaccine that protects sheep against the two diseases. Successfully, combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze-dried vaccine was proven to sterile and be free from different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contaminants; safe (as no atypical reaction either local or systemic in mice and sheep and did not affect close contact unvaccinated sheep) and potent (providing vaccinated sheep with high protective specific immunity against both causative viruses) for 6 months (the experimental period) suggesting that such immunity will remain to not less than one year. It could be recommended the use of such a vaccine to control the two diseases using one shot of vaccination saves time, effort, and cost.Â

Potency of a combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze dried vaccine

            Pest des petits ruminants (PPR) and sheep pox (SP) viruses represent a hazard facing the sheep population. The present work dealt with the preparation of a combined live attenuated vaccine that protects sheep against the two diseases. Successfully, combined Peste des petits ruminants and sheep pox freeze-dried vaccine was proven to sterile and be free from different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma contaminants; safe (as no atypical reaction either local or systemic in mice and sheep and did not affect close contact unvaccinated sheep) and potent (providing vaccinated sheep with high protective specific immunity against both causative viruses) for 6 months (the experimental period) suggesting that such immunity will remain to not less than one year. It could be recommended the use of such a vaccine to control the two diseases using one shot of vaccination saves time, effort, and cost.Â