Sectoring Method for Improving Various QoS Parameters of Wireless Sensor Networks to Improve Lifespan of the Network

The wireless sensor network is set of distributed nodes, which are randomly deployed in sensor field to capture various parameters and send it to receiver station for further analysis and prediction. There are two types of protocols essential for communication. One is MAC protocol and another is routing protocol. Routing protocols are used for finding shortest path between sources to destination. MAC protocols are used for reliable data delivery from source to destination. The design of a reliable wireless sensor network (WSN) must handle the failure of single or many network components, still, because of the deployment of mechanisms to tolerate faults at various levels. the most objective of this paper is to review different existing algorithms proposed by different researchers and merge their work for further study. This paper studies different prototypes and proposed algorithms, and also the objectives of the papers. Also, the paper elaborates on the proposed algorithm within the particular paper together with their objectives. Proposed algorithm is very useful for to reduce heavy congestion over the networks and achieve various parameters of sensor networks

Experimental Investigation on Performance of silver Nanofliud in Absorber/Receiver of Parabolic trough collector

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.This experimental investigation presents synthesis and characterizations of silver Nanoparticle. This study also deals with improvement in performance of absorber/Receiver using silver nanoparticle dispersed in DI water (De-Ionized water).The silver nanoparticle suspended in conventional fluid have superior heat transfer capabilities .The absorber of parabolic trough collector is tested for heat input ranging from 50 W/²-600 W/m² in four steps which is suitable for removing heat from solar system, process industries, power plants, automobile systems marine systems etc. The effect of various operational limits and test parameters such as heat input, volume fraction, fluid temperature, heat transfer coefficient are experimentally investigated. The silver nanoparticle is tested for volume concentration in the range of 0≤ Ф≤0.1 %, 500 ≤Re ≤6000, experimentally with average silver nanapartice diameter 10nm-400nm. The Characterizations of silver nanoparticle is carried out using TEM, UV and SEM methodology for required sample of silver nanoparticle. The experimental results are evaluated in terms of performance matrices by direct measurements of fluid temperature and surface temperature in the absorber. A substantial reduction in thermal resistance of 23.152% observed for 0.00011% concentration of silver nanoparticle. The Nussult number for absorber of parabolic trough collector with silver nanofliud varied from 1.25 to 2.10 times in comparison that of water

Analysis of the Determining Factors for Differences in Language Acquisition Skills Among Various Non-Native Speakers

This research study has provided a sustainable viewpoint about the impact of language acquisition skills on the development process of non-native speakers. There are several factors in the process of language learning such as reading, writing, and cognition skills that reflect a positive impact on the efficiency level of the learners. In addition, internal factors such as age, personality, and experience of a learner also play an important role in the process of language learning. As mentioned in the research study, the inclusion of external factors such as instructional and curricular activities can also support a non-native speaker to grasp knowledge regarding the language they are learning. The research study has implicated a secondary qualitative data collection method to collect data regarding the research subject. In the discussion part, the research study has critically evaluated the factors that are creating a positive impact on the efficiency level of the nonnative speakers

Analysis Of Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement By Nanofluids: Single-Phase And Two-Phase Treatments

Nanofluids have been investigated regarding their advantages and potentialities for the purpose of increasing convective heat transfer rates inside thermal systems where they are used as working fluids. Researchers in thermophysics have investigated these fluids experimentally and numerically. This review provides extensive theoretical information concerning nanofluids in the single-phase and two-phase treatments. Important published works on nanofluid properties and correlations are summarized and reviewed in detail. Heat transfer enhancement by nanofluids is a challenging problem due to the difficulties inherent in the model of the physical mechanism of interaction between the paricles. Here the interaction between the phases is modeled by several two-phase models, and the results are given in graphical and tabular forms. Despite the advantages of the mixture model, such as imlementation of physical properties and less computational power requirements, some studies showed that the results of the single-phase and two-phase models are very similar. The main difference consists in the effect of the drift velocities of the phases relative to each other